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Chapter 10

Chapter 10. The Jefferson Era 1800-1816. 1.) The British surrender at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777 is considered a turning point in the Revolutionary War because it resulted in — A the reopening of the port of Boston B Benedict Arnold committing treason

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Chapter 10

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  1. Chapter 10 The Jefferson Era 1800-1816

  2. 1.) The British surrender at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777 is considered a turning point in the Revolutionary War because it resulted in — A the reopening of the port of Boston B Benedict Arnold committing treason C France becoming an ally of the United States D the Continental Congress fleeing Philadelphia 2.) The Bill of Rights includes — A the right to own slaves B women’s suffrage C freedom of the press D the right to vote by secret ballot 3.) The Puritans came to live in the Americas for the purpose of — A establishing new religious communities B creating economic opportunities for England C preventing Spain from establishing its own colonies D growing new types of crops in the fertile soil I can describe the election of 1800 and explain the role of political parties

  3. Page Numbers for the People Pages Ch. 10 • 1.) 298 9.) 303 17.) 306 • 2.) 316-317 10.) 315 • 3.) 314 11.) 306 • 4.) 316 12.) 310 • 5.) 312 13.) 312 • 6.) 297-298 14.) 297-298 • 7.) 300 15.) 303 • 8.) 304 16.) 312

  4. 22 Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense to — F explain why the American colonies should form an alliance with Spain G increase public support for American independence H criticize the military strategies of General George Washington J criticize King George III for his support of the French and Indian War 26 What geographic feature was established as a boundary for western settlement by the Proclamation of 1763? F Hudson River G Appalachian Mountains H Rocky Mountains J Great Lakes I can label key dates of chapter 10 on a timeline.

  5. Chapter 10 Chronology (Due Wednesday Tomorrow) • Page Numbers: Remember to rewrite on a different sheet of paper the dates in order. If they have a month write them down because that will determine their order. • 1.) 314 11.) 311 • 2.) 315 Map 12.) 304 • 3.) 298 13.) 306 • 4.) 313 14.) 315 • 5.) 312 15.) 302 • 6.) 312 16.) 316 • 7.) 315,316 17.) 310 • 8.) 303 18.) 317 • 9.) 315 19.) 303 • 10.) 297 20.) 314 I can label key dates of chapter 10 on a timeline.

  6. In the election of 1800, there were two political parties. The Federalists supported John Adams (incumbent) and the Democratic-Republicans supported Thomas Jefferson. 1.) I can describe the election of 1800 and explain the role of political parties

  7. The Democratic-Republicans believed the Federalist had violated the Constitution with the Alien and Sedition Acts while the Federalists believed the nation would be ruined by the Democratic-Republicans whom they considered Radicals. 2.) I can describe the election of 1800 and explain the role of political parties

  8. The Democratic-Republicans won the Presidency. However, the Electoral College resulted in a tie between Thomas Jefferson the Presidential nominee and Aaron Burr the Vice Presidential nominee. I can describe the election of 1800 and explain the role of political parties 3.)

  9. According to the Constitution the House of Representatives had to choose between Burr and Jefferson. Because the Federalist controlled the House, their vote would decide the winner. 4.) I can describe the election of 1800 and explain the role of political parties

  10. The Federalist were divide however after 7 days of voting and 36 votes taken, Jefferson was elected President and Burr became Vice-President. 5.) I can describe the election of 1800 and explain the role of political parties

  11. Our nation has had over 40 Presidents but none has matched the achievements of Jefferson. He was a lawyer and advised architects and designers of Washington, D.C., he was a skilled violinist, horseman, amateur scientists, and devoted reader. 6.) I can describe the election of 1800 and explain the role of political parties

  12. After Jefferson took office, the first thing he needed to do was calm the nation’s political quarrels. To do this he promoted a common way of life. 7.) I can describe the election of 1800 and explain the role of political parties

  13. Jefferson thought the best thing for the nation was to remain a country of small independent farmers. He hoped the enormous amount of available land would keep Americans from crowding into cities. 8.) I can describe the election of 1800 and explain the role of political parties

  14. Jefferson believed that the government should have less power under the Federalists. He undid many of their policies, such as: letting the Alien and Sedition Acts expire; releasing prisoners convicted under them; ending the Whiskey Tax. Since this meant a loss in revenue, he reduced the number of federal employees and the size of the military. I can describe the election of 1800 and explain the role of political parties 9.)

  15. Jefferson had little power over the courts because of the Judiciary Act of 1801 which allowed President John Adams to appoint as many judges as he could between the Election of 1800 and when Jefferson took office. Since these judges would serve for life there was little Jefferson could do. I can describe the election of 1800 and explain the role of political parties 10.)

  16. One of the most powerful appointments Adams made was that of Chief Justice John Marshall who served for over 3 decades. 11.) I can describe the election of 1800 and explain the role of political parties

  17. One of the most important decisions at the end of Madison’s term was Marbury vs. Madison 1803. William Marbury was a last minute appointment to the court in the District of Columbia. He was installed by James Madison, Secretary of State 12.) I can describe the election of 1800 and explain the role of political parties

  18. When Madison refused to give Marbury the job, he sued. The Supreme Court ruled that the law Marbury used was unconstitutional. 13.) I can describe the election of 1800 and explain the role of political parties

  19. In the case, the Supreme Court established the principle of judicial review which states that the Supreme Court has the final say in interpreting the Constitution. 14.) I can describe the election of 1800 and explain the role of political parties

  20. Judicial Review has helped to create a lasting balance between the three branches. 15.) I can describe the election of 1800 and explain the role of political parties

  21. Chapter 10 Section 2 I can describe the purpose of the Lewis and Clark Expedition?

  22. A.) The West in 1800 • “West”=the area between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River.

  23. B.) Napoleon and New OrleansWhich leader sold land for money to pay for his wars? • To solve the problem of Americans wanting to go to war with Spain and France Jefferson offered to buy New Orleans from France. • Napoleon’s response was to offer an even bigger piece of land called the Louisiana Territory.

  24. C.) The Louisiana PurchaseWhat problem troubled Jefferson about the purchase of Louisiana? • being a strict interpreter of the Constitution he did not feel comfortable with buying the land because the Constitution did not talk about President’s being capable of buying land.

  25. D.) Lewis and Clark Explore • Jefferson chose Meriwether Lewis and William Clark.

  26. E.) Up the Missouri RiverWhat were Jefferson’s instructions to Lewis and Clark on how to deal with the Native Americans they would encounter? • find a water route across the continent. • Build good relations with the Native Americans. • describe the landscape, plants, and animals they saw.

  27. F.) SacagaweaWhat impact did Sacagawea have on American History?What special contribution did Sacagawea make on the Lewis and Clark expedition? • 17 year old Shoshone woman. • Lewis and Clark kept her and her husband with their expedition for knowledge of the geography and also to help with Native American situations.

  28. Chapter 10 Section 3 Problems with Foreign Powers

  29. 21.) _______What made New Orleans a significant port to people living in the Ohio Valley? A The taxes collected in New Orleans supported towns in the Ohio Valley. B New Orleans was a fortified city that protected the Missouri River against invasion. C Many of the goods needed by the people of the Ohio Valley were manufactured in New Orleans. D New Orleans was an important trade center near the mouth of the Mississippi River. 30.)_______ The Era of Good Feelings, which followed the War of 1812, was characterized by — F.) increased cooperation between the United States and Native Americans G.) the rise of the Federalist Party as a major political force H.) increased nationalism and patriotism in the United States J.) an increase in the number of political parties I Can explain the important legacy of the War of 1812.Warm-up

  30. A.) Jefferson’s Foreign Policy • Advised the U.S. to seek friendships, but not enter in alliances. • He was worried about U.S. merchants trading all over the world.

  31. B.) Problems with France and England • British were clamping down on U.S. shipping to France. • British were using impressments on the U.S. ships (kidnapping American Sailors to work on British Ships).

  32. C.) Trade as a WeaponWhich of the following is true about the Embargo Act? • Instead of going to war, Jefferson wanted Congress to pass legislation that would stop all foreign trade. Embargo Act of 1807. • Embargo Act of 1807 caused U.S. farmers to suffer from not being able to sell goods overseas.

  33. D.) James Madison Becomes PresidentWhich of the following is true about James Madison • Madison was Jefferson’s Secretary of State. • He succeeded Jefferson as President • He was a Democratic-Republican.

  34. E.) Tecumseh and Native American Unity • British were stirring up the Native Americans in the Frontier. • Tecumseh (Shawnee) was trying to unite the NA from Americans taking their land. • 1811 Shawnee were defeated by William Henry Harrison at the Battle of Tippecanoe.

  35. F.) War Hawks • Westerners who called for war were known as War Hawks. • June 18, 1812 Jackson and the War Hawks pressed Congress to declare war on Britain.

  36. Chapter 10 Section 4 The War of 1812

  37. A.) The War BeginsWhich statement describes the U.S. Military at the start of the War of 1812? • Britain did not want war. • Two main phases to the war. • U.S. Army was small, badly trained, and badly equipped.

  38. B.) The First Phase of the WarWhy was the American naval victory on Lake Erie so important? • 1st 1812-1814-Britain was concentrating on their war with France. • Oliver Hazard Perry won a key battle on Lake Erie giving the U.S. control of the Lake.

  39. C.) The Second Phase of the WarWho saved important items before the British burned the White House?Who composed the “Star-Spangled Banner?’ • 2nd-Britain wins their war w/France in 1814 and now concentrate on the Americans. • British forces burn the Capitol building Dolly Madison had saved important items. • Francis Scott Key wrote the famous anthem as he watched the flag fly over Fort McHenry.

  40. C.) Continued • Battle of New Orleans was a key victory for Andrew Jackson but the slow mail system showed that this battle did not have to take place. • Treaty of Ghent ended the war on December 24, 1814.

  41. D.) The Legacy of the WarWhat were the results of the War of 1812?Which of the following was an important legacy of the War of 1812? • Results of the war were that it increased American Patriotism, weakened Native American resistance, and increased U.S. manufacturing. • The main legacy of the war is that it encouraged the growth of U.S. manufacturing.

  42. The two parties contesting the election of 1800 were the Federalists, led by President John Adams, and the Democratic-Republicans, represented by Thomas Jefferson. Each party believed that the other was endangering the Constitution and the American republic. • The Democratic-Republicans thought they were saving the nation from monarchy and oppression. They argued, again and again, that the Alien and Sedition Acts supported by the Federalists violated the Bill of Rights. (See pages 290–291.) The Federalists thought that the nation was about to be ruined by radicals—people who take extreme political positions. They remembered the violence of the French Revolution, in which radicals executed thousands in the name of liberty. • When election day came, the Democratic-Republicans won the presidency. Jefferson received 73 votes in the electoral college, and Adams earned 65. But there was a problem. Aaron Burr, whom the Democratic-Republicans wanted as vice president, also received 73 votes.

  43. In over 200 years, the United States has had more than 40 presidents. Many of them were great leaders. But no president has ever matched Thomas Jefferson in the variety of his achievements. • Jefferson’s talents went beyond politics. He was still a young lawyer when he became interested in the architecture of classical Greece and Rome. The look of our nation’s capital today reflects that interest. When Washington, D.C., was being built during the 1790s, Jefferson advised its architects and designers. • Jefferson’s passion for classical styles can also be seen in his plan of Monticello, his Virginia home. For this elegant mansion, Jefferson designed storm windows, a seven-day clock, and a dumbwaiter—a small elevator that brought bottles of wine from the cellar. • Jefferson was a skilled violinist, horseman, amateur scientist, and a devoted reader, too. His book collection later became the core of the Library of Congress. After his election, Jefferson applied his many talents and ideas to the government of the United States.

  44. The new president had strong opinions about what kind of country the United States ought to be. But his first order of business was to calm the nation’s political quarrels. • A VOICE FROM THE PAST • Let us, then, fellow-citizens, unite with one heart and one mind. . . . Every difference of opinion is not a difference of principle. . . . We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists. • Thomas Jefferson, First Inaugural Address • One way Jefferson tried to unite Americans was by promoting a common way of life. He wanted the United States to remain a nation of small independent farmers. Such a nation, he believed, would uphold the strong morals and democratic values that he associated with country living. He hoped that the enormous amount of available land would prevent Americans from crowding into cities, as people had in Europe.

  45. As president, Jefferson behaved more like a gentleman farmer than a privileged politician. Instead of riding in a fancy carriage to his inauguration, Jefferson walked the two blocks from his boarding house to the Capitol. Though his chef served elegant meals, the president’s guests ate at round tables so that no one could sit at the head of the table. To the end, Jefferson refused to elevate himself because of his office. For his tombstone, he chose this simple epitaph: “Here was buried Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of American Independence, of the statute of Virginia for religious freedom, and father of the University of Virginia.” Jefferson chose not to list his presidency. His belief in a modest role for the central government is reflected in the changes he made during his presidency.

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