Chapter 9 Section 2

Chapter 9Section 2 Feudalism

Objectives: • List the Invaders of the Carolingian Empire • Explain Feudalism

The Invaders • The Carolingian Empire fell apart soon after the death of Charlemagne in 814. • Divided among his grandsons into 3 major sections: the west Frankish lands, the eastern Frankish lands, and the Middle Kingdom. • Local nobles gained power • Invasions were common

The Muslims attacked the southern coast of Europe. • The Magyars settled into central Europe in the ninth century, settled on the plains of Hungary. • Vikings from the Northmen of Norsemen of Scandinavia. • Germanic people, love of adventure, search for war spoils.

Vikings known for the shipbuilding. • In 911, the ruler of the west Frankish land gave the Vikings a band of land, forming a section of France known as Normandy. • Frankish policy to settle the Vikings and convert them to Christianity.

Objectives: • Explain Feudalism • Explain Nobility of the Middle Ages • Analyze the role of Arisoticratic Women in society

The Developments of Feudalism • Invaders threatened safety and tore central governments were torn apart. • People turned to local landed aristocrats to protect them. • To survive it was important to find a powerful lord who could offer protection in exchange for services. • Led to a new political system known as feudalism.

Knights and Vassals • Central Idea: Vassalage • A man who served a lord in a military fashion was considered a vassal. • For almost 500 years, warfare was dominated by heavily armed Calvary, or knights. • Great Social prestige • Land was the most important gift that could be given to a vassal.

Feudal Contract • Loyalty to the lord was the chief virtue. • A grant of land given to a vassal was called a fief. • Vassals who held fiefs held political authority. • The lord-vassal relationship was based on honor and required no servitude. • A set of unwritten rules, called a feudal contract, determined the relationship between the lord and his vassal. • Example: Military Service, Financial Payments • Vice Versa: Granting land, defending, and legal protection.

Nobility of the Middle Ages • Society dominated by men whose chief concern was warfare. • Nobility- kings, dukes, counts, barons, bishops and archbishops formed an aristocracy that held political, economic and social power. • Knighthood was unifying, but divisions were based on wealth. • Twelfth century nights competed in tournaments, which included the joust. • Viewed as training for war.

Influenced by the Catholic Church, an ideal of civilized behavior known as chivalry emerged in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. • Code of Ethics for Knights • Defend the church and helpless people, treat captives as honored guests. • Idea that one should fight for glory, not for material rewards.

Aristocratic Women • Women could legally hold property, but most remained under the control of men. • Lady of the castle had to manage the estate finances and help. • Responsible for overseeing food supply and maintaining all other supplies needed.

Strong women in history: • Eleanor of Aquitaine- married at 15 to Louis VII of France. He had their marriage annulled, and 8 weeks later married Duke Henry of Normandy, who soon became King Henry II of England. • Created a cultural court. • Had eight children (5 sons), 2 of which would become kings of England (Richard and John)

Closure: • Today I learned… • For Example…. • Therefore… • Clearly…

Classwork/Homework • 9-2 Worksheet • 9-2 Assessment Page 296 1,2, 4-6

Chapter 9 Section 2