1. The Science and Ethics of Stem Cell Research Shades of Gray Lesson 4

2. Who Are We? Selected Stakeholders Anne Graham Lotz Mitt Romney Rabbi Elliot N. Dorff Mary Tyler Moore Ruben Diaz

3. Ann Coulter Gamal Serour Leon Kass Michael J Fox Pope Benedict XVI

4. Alta Charo Ronald M. Green Barb Edwards and family Christopher Reeve Orrin Hatch Swami B.V. Tripurari

5. Judie Brown David A. Prentice Alfred Mann John Kerry William Haseltine

6. Daniel Perry C. Ben Mitchell Nancy Reagan Photos not available: Heather Hanson Joanne C. Sizoo Barak Obama

7. Central Ethical Questions about the Moral Status of the Embryo • How should we treat the embryo? What rights does it have? What responsibilities do we have towards it? • How do we balance our attitudes towards the embryo with our responsibilities to help others? • At what point in development does an embryo possess 'personhood' or moral worth? Based on what characteristics or capacities?

8. Moral Status of the EmbryoLines of Demarcation Conception - Catholicism (also Protestant denominations Lutheranism, Southern Baptism) - life is sacred from the moment of conception, no matter where it exists (i.e., Petri dish or fallopian tube). Embryo Implantation - Some scientists, theorists, theologians and others refer to the “pre-embryo” prior to uterine implantation, and regard implantation as morally significant. Primitive streak - At ~14 days when neural development begins, a sentient (possibly capable of feeling pain) and thus morally significant being exists.

9. Some Religious Viewpoints • Presbyterian:approves SCR when the goals are compelling and unreachable by other means. • OrthodoxJudaism: An isolated fertilized egg does not enjoy the full status of personhood. • Reform Judaism adds that it would be unethical to NOT pursue promising medical research.

10. Additional Religious Viewpoints • Islam: After the blastocyst stage a human being exists; at 120 days ensoulment. Endorses regulated SCR as long as the potential for benefit is tangible. • Mormon: Doctrine holds that each person lived as a spirit child of God prior to being born and receiving a physical body on Earth; life on earth begins when the spirit and body are united.

11. Note to Teachers…about the next slide • If your students are having a difficult time understanding the U.S. political spectrum and are not familiar with words like “conservative” and “liberal”, the next slide (though overly simplified) may be helpful. • For students who have some familiarity with the political vocabulary, however, it is NOT recommended that they be instructed in the terminology before the Four Corners Activity. Students often work out amongst themselves the meaning of the words, and have a better appreciation for the complexity involved. • Though a useful tool in some cases, the slide serves to further stereotype stakeholder positions. The object of this lesson is to reinforce the idea that there are many ‘shades of gray’ in considering the perspectives on stem cell research.

12. A Simplified View of the American Political Spectrum liberal conservative moderate t u democrat republican socialist fascist Anarchy Totalitarian