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Tools of the Biologist

Biology. Tools of the Biologist. Tools. Dichotomous Key Di- Two Chotomous - Forks or Branches Used to identify…… Region Specific. Deciduous Tree Key. Deciduous - to shed all leafs on an annual basis/ usually a broad leaf tree. Bark vs. Leaf Characteristics. Deciduous Tree Key.

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Tools of the Biologist

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  1. Biology Tools of the Biologist

  2. Tools Dichotomous Key • Di- Two • Chotomous- Forks or Branches • Used to identify…… • Region Specific

  3. Deciduous Tree Key • Deciduous- to shed all leafs on an annual basis/ usually a broad leaf tree. • Bark vs. Leaf Characteristics

  4. Deciduous Tree Key • Fall Leaf Color?

  5. Deciduous Tree Key • Basic Leaf Anatomy

  6. Basic Leaf Anatomy • Blade- Green or colored region of the leaf. Extends from the tip to the base. • Tip- Top of the Blade • Base- Bottom of the Blade • Mid Rib / Main Vein- all mid ribs are main veins but not vice versa. • Margin- Edge of Blade • Petiole- Stalk that may or may not be present. • Stipule- Bud that marks the point of attachment of a single leaf to the stem. • ***When counting leafs, count stipules not blades.

  7. Main Vein / Mid Rib • Main vein- any dark thick easily seen vein. • Mid rib- a main vein that divides the blade in half

  8. Leaf Characteristics • Leaf Arrangement- How the leafs are arranged on the stem. • Alternate- Not opposite • Opposite- across from each other. • M- Maples • A- Ashes • D- Dog Wood • Horse- Horse Chestnut

  9. Leaf Type- how many blades per stipule. • Simple- one blade per stipule • Compound- more than one blade per stipule

  10. HW • Draw a branch showing four alternatively arranged simple leafs.

  11. Types of Compounding • Palmate- “Fingers extending from your palm.” • Pinnate- not palmate • Leaflet- Blade on a compound leaf • Note- Terminal Leaflet • Note- Lateral Leaflet

  12. Venation- Vein Arrangement • Palmate • Pinnate

  13. Lobbing • Lobe- section of the blade created by deep indentations in the margin. Palmate Pinnate Maple Leaf Oak Leaf Palmate Vein= Palmate Lobed

  14. Margin Type • Entire- Smooth • Toothed • Finely • Coarsely • Compound See Drawing

  15. Blade Attachment • Non-Sessile (Stalked) • Contain a petiole • Sessile • Contain no petiole See Diagrams

  16. Lopsided leafs / Notched leafs and Leaflets • Lopsided Leafs- associated with simple leafs • Notched Leafs and leaflets • Associated with complex leafs.

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