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Chapter 5

Chapter 5. Safety and Health. Promoting Proper Practices. Objectives. Describe how the workplace environment influences the safety of individuals working in an industrial setting. Explain how awareness of safety issues in a situation influences the safety of an individual.

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Chapter 5

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  1. Chapter 5 Safety and Health Promoting Proper Practices

  2. Objectives • Describe how the workplace environment influences the safety of individuals working in an industrial setting. • Explain how awareness of safety issues in a situation influences the safety of an individual. • Identify personal traits that may make an individual more prone to violate safety procedures. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  3. Objectives • Identify general equipment considerations that influence safe working conditions in the fluid power industry. • Describe safety rules that need to be followed when working with individual hydraulic and pneumatic components. • Identify government regulations that influence safety regulations and practice in the fluid power industry. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  4. Workplace/Environmental Considerations • Important elements in the prevention of accidents and cumulative injuries include: • Good equipment • Appropriate shop layout • Satisfactory working conditions Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  5. Workplace/Environmental Considerations • Effective machine placement and efficient work flow reduces employee movement • This reduces the number of accidents and injuries Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  6. Workplace/Environmental Considerations • This shop has good lighting, clear aisles, and clean work areas Yates Industries, Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  7. Workplace/Environmental Considerations • Proper air exchange and circulation in a shop facility will: • Protect the general health of all employees • Reduce accidents through improved attention levels of workers Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  8. Workplace/Environmental Considerations • High noise levels can cause cumulative hearing loss and require the use of ear protection by employees Reprinted courtesy of Caterpillar, Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  9. Workplace/Environmental Considerations • Light intensity requirements depend on the type of work performed in an area • General light levels must meet required standards • Supplemental light should be supplied for detailed work Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  10. Appropriate fire extinguishers and fire blankets must be provided in all shop, training, and classroom areas Workplace/Environmental Considerations Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  11. Workplace/Environmental Considerations • Working conditions cause only about 15% of injuries on the job • Unsafe acts of employees cause up to 85% of industrial accidents Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  12. Workplace/Environmental Considerations • Personal characteristics can lead to unsafe actions: • Lack of job knowledge • Lack of awareness of the job hazards • Fear of operating a machine • Overconfidence in performing an operation • Impatience with following procedures Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  13. Workplace/Environmental Considerations • Concern for job security may cause workers to risk health or injury • New workers may duplicate bad habits of established workers Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  14. Workplace/Environmental Considerations • Attention-diverting activities can cause the accident rate of employees to increase: • Personal problems • Conflicts or socialization with fellow employees • Job dissatisfaction • Traffic in the work area Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  15. Providing a work atmosphere in which employees understand and support safety and health issues is a good investment by an employer Workplace/Environmental Considerations Eaton Fluid Power Training Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  16. Workplace/Environmental Considerations • Employee safety and health programs must be supported by top management in order to be successfully initiated and operated Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  17. Workplace/Environmental Considerations • Management can obtain long-term employee support by offering a program that systematically: • Provides safety and health training • Promotes the use of protective clothing and equipment • Establishes emergency care procedures and disaster plans Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  18. Workplace/Environmental Considerations • Training should be provided to all employees who have jobs that can adversely affect their safety and health • Protective gear is used to assure safety and health of employees who perform jobs or work in areas where total elimination of risk is difficult Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  19. Workplace/Environmental Considerations • Protective clothing and equipment is commonly used to protect employees in the areas of: • Hearing • Sight • Respiration • Head • Feet • Burn prevention Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  20. Workplace/Environmental Considerations • Hearing protection may be in the form of earplugs or earmuffs. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  21. Many operations require appropriate eye protection. Workplace/Environmental Considerations Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  22. General Industrial Hazard Control Considerations • Safety should be promoted by: • First designing out as many hazards as possible in equipment and facilities • Then using employee promotion to reduce the remaining problems Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  23. General Industrial Hazard Control Considerations • General housekeeping involves: • Keeping floors and work areas clean • Proper storage of materials • Proper storage of tools • Good housekeeping can greatly reduce employee accidents and injuries Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  24. General Industrial Hazard Control Considerations • This facility practices good housekeeping HYDAC Technology Corporation Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  25. General Industrial Hazard Control Considerations • Guards must be installed when hazards cannot be eliminated from the basic design of the machine Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  26. General Industrial Hazard Control Considerations • Machine guards can be classified as: • Fixed enclosures that cover the dangerous area • Interlocking devices that shut off power to the machine when danger is exposed • Automatic devices that push or pull endangered body parts out of the hazardous area • Specialized designs, such as those that require two-hand operation Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  27. General Industrial Hazard Control Considerations • This machine requires two-hand operation Used with permission of CNH America LLC Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  28. General Industrial Hazard Control Considerations • The schematic for a two-handed circuit Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  29. General Industrial Hazard Control Considerations • Systematic equipment maintenance promotes safety by keeping tools and equipment in good condition so they can properly function during routine operation Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  30. General Industrial Hazard Control Considerations • Injuries often occur during the routine handling of materials • Workers need to be trained in the proper lifting of heavy weights to prevent back injuries • Workers must understand the operation of complex material handling equipment Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  31. Back supports can be used to help reduce back injuries. General Industrial Hazard Control Considerations Ergodyne Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  32. Specific Fluid PowerSafety Factors • Fluid power systems should always be approached as if they are pressurized and ready for operation • Compressed gases in a pneumatic system and the possibility of an accumulator circuit in a hydraulic system can cause unexpected actuator movement, even when the system is shut down Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  33. Specific Fluid PowerSafety Factors • Workers should always assume a machine is ready to operate Yates Industries, Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  34. Specific Fluid PowerSafety Factors • Actuators are generally considered the most dangerous of the fluid power components because of the motion they produce • Selecting the proper actuator and correctly installing it will improve the safety performance of a fluid power circuit, as well as increase system efficiency Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  35. Actuators are generally the most dangerous component in a system Specific Fluid PowerSafety Factors Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  36. Specific Fluid PowerSafety Factors • Proper sizing, alignment, and guarding of couplings between a prime mover and a pump or compressor is important to both the safe operation and performance of hydraulic and pneumatic power units Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  37. Air receivers contribute to the safe operation of pneumatic systems by: Providing storage of adequate air to operate the system Reducing pulsations in the air that is delivered Specific Fluid PowerSafety Factors Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  38. Specific Fluid PowerSafety Factors • When setting up a fluid power circuit, it is safest to initially set: • Pressure and flow control valves at their lowest settings • Directional controls in their normal or centered position Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  39. Specific Fluid PowerSafety Factors • Machine controls should: • Be located within easy reach of the operator in the normal work area • Be located away from moving parts • Not interfere with the normal work surface used by the operator Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  40. Specific Fluid PowerSafety Factors • Hydraulic circuits with accumulators should be designed to automatically unload system pressure during machine shut down • This helps reduce the danger of unexpected actuator movement caused by the release of fluid stored in a charged accumulator Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  41. Specific Fluid PowerSafety Factors • The safe operation of compact air tools requires that users learn to respect their power and high speed Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  42. Specific Fluid PowerSafety Factors • Air ratchet and sockets Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  43. Specific Fluid PowerSafety Factors • Air impact wrench and sockets Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  44. Safety Requirementsand Programs • A 1970 federal act resulted in the establishment of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  45. Safety Requirementsand Programs • OSHA regulates minimum requirements for industries in areas such as: • Fire protection • Emergency medical treatment • Use of personal protective equipment • Accident record keeping and reporting Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  46. Review Question What are three workplace elements important in the prevention of accidents and cumulative injuries? A. Good equipment, B. shop layout, and C. working conditions. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  47. Review Question What are the three general factors that employees must know if they are to safely perform a job? A. Steps necessary to perform the job, B. hazards associated with the job, and C. required personal protective equipment. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  48. Review Question List three general factors that can contribute to accidents and injuries in an industrial setting. A. Inattentive machine operators, B. inappropriate equipment or processes, and C. defective or poorly designed equipment. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

  49. Review Question It is critical that spilled oil be quickly cleaned up in a shop area in order to reduce the: A. possibility of accidents caused by falls on slippery floors. B. accumulation of dirt and debris in the pooled oil. C. fire hazard of oil-soaked materials. D. All of the above. D. All of the above. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

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