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Biological Macromolecules – Polymers (The Importance of Carbon)

Biological Macromolecules – Polymers (The Importance of Carbon). Honors Biology Monkemeier. Carbon. Carbon can bond with itself to form chains, branched chains and rings. Carbon Skeletons.

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Biological Macromolecules – Polymers (The Importance of Carbon)

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  1. Biological Macromolecules – Polymers(The Importance of Carbon) Honors Biology Monkemeier

  2. Carbon • Carbon can bond with itself to form chains, branched chains and rings.

  3. Carbon Skeletons • When carbon bonds with itself to form the chains, branched chains and rings, the structures are known as carbon skeletons. • Carbon skeletons provide the “backbone” for biological molecules. • Carbon skeletons are formed during photosynthesis.

  4. Hydrocarbons • Hydrocarbons are molecules composed of just carbon and hydrogen. • The carbon – hydrogen bonds are HIGH in ENERGY.

  5. Other Elements Important to Biology and Functional groups. • Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur. • These elements are part of functional groups. Functional groups are groups of atoms covalently bonded to each other and when attached to a “carbon skeleton” or molecule, the molecule gains their chemical and physical properties.

  6. Functional Groups

  7. Biological Molecules

  8. Biological Macromolecules • Some molecules in biology are extremely large and are made by putting together smaller subunits. • Biological Macromolecules are also known as POLYMERS. Poly = many and mer = pieces. • Starch, Cellulose, DNA, Enzymes are all examples of biological macromolecules a.k.a. polymers.

  9. Building Biological Macromolecules • The chemical reaction that attaches the “mers” or subunits together to form biological macromolecules is known as dehydration synthesis a.k.a. condensation.

  10. Dehydration Synthesis

  11. Dehydration Synthesis • How is water involved? • Why is it called dehydration synthesis? • Examine the diagram to see.

  12. Hydrolysis a.k.a. Decomposition • The chemical reaction that breaks apart biological macromolecules into their subunits is known as hydrolysis or decomposition.

  13. Hydrolysis a.k.a. Decomposition

  14. Hydrolysis (Decomposition) • Why is it called hydrolysis? • Hydro refers to water – why? • Lysis means split – how does this relate?

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