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Chapter 5 – IP Addressing

This chapter covers the fundamentals of IP addressing, including the unique assignment of IP addresses to each network host and how they are represented in dotted-decimal notation. It explains the structure of IP addresses, their classes (A, B, C, D, E), and the responsibilities of the Internet Network Information Center (InterNIC) in coordinating IP address assignments. Additionally, the concept of subnetting is introduced, emphasizing its importance for network efficiency and management. An example of subnetting within a Class B address illustrates practical applications.

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Chapter 5 – IP Addressing

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  1. Chapter 5 – IP Addressing

  2. IP Address Fundamentals • Each host is assigned a unique IP address for each network connection (NIC) • An IP address is a 32-bit address, written as four octets (bytes) separated by periods • Example: 195.143.67.2 • This notation is called dotted decimal notation • Each address has an associated subnet mask tha divides the address into its network and host components • The network portion identifies where the host is located and host portion identifies device

  3. IP Address Coordination • IP Address assignments must be carefully coordinated • Internet Network Information Center (InterNIC) is responsible for coordinating IP addresses • To get an address, you may contact : • InterNIC Registration Services • C/o Network Solutions, Inc. • 505 Huntmar Park Drive • Herndon, VA. 22070 • Hostmaster@internic.net

  4. IP Address Classes • Five address classes are supported (A-E) • Only Classes A, B, and C are assigned to the general user community • Class D is reserved for multicasting • Class E is reserved for experimental purposes

  5. Class A IP Address • Leading octet starts with 0 • Subnet mask of 255.0.0.0 • Network range 1-126 • Number of networks: 126 • Number of hosts per network: 16,777,214 • All Class A addresses have been allocated

  6. Class B IP Address • Leading octet starts with 10 • Subnet mask of 255.255.0.0 • Network range: 128.0 – 191.255 • Number of networks: 16,384 • Number of hosts per network: 65,534 • Class B addresses are hard to obtain • Mercer has a Class B (owned by Peachnet) that is sublet to Mercer, Macon State, and UGA

  7. Class C IP Address • Leading octet starts with 110 • Subnet Mask of 255.255.255.0 • Network range: 192.0.0 – 223.255.255 • Number of networks: 2,097,152 • Number of hosts per network: 254

  8. Class D IP Address • Leading octet starts with 1110 • Network range: 224 – 239

  9. IP Classes • Note that the first octet tells you what class the IP address is in • A: 1-126 • B: 128-191 • C: 192 – 223 • D: 224 – 239

  10. Special IP Addressing

  11. Use Windows Calculator to Convert Between Dec and Bin • Open Windows calculator from the Accessories program group • Under View, select Scientific • Select Dec option • Enter a decimal number • Select Bin option to convert to binary

  12. Concept of Subnetting • Through subnetting, you can improve network efficiency • Keeps local traffic local by keeping systems that need to share information together on their own subnet • Makes job of setting up and managing routers easier • Makes good use of assigned addresses

  13. Subnetting Example • Assume you have been assigned a Class B address of 155.110.0.0 • Default subnet mask is 255.255.0.0 • You have the potential for 65,534 host all on the same physical network • What to do if you want some subnets in your network? • See Handout with Table: Class B Subnetting

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