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Ultrasonographic evaluation of kidney’s

This article discusses the significance of ultrasound in assessing the kidneys, highlighting its ability to detect abnormalities, renal pelvis stones, and assess renal blood flow. It also explores the advantages over conventional radiology, limitations, and the preferred transducer frequencies for dogs and cats. The article further covers the anatomy of the kidneys, positions for kidney sonography, landmarks of the left and right kidney, and characteristics of renal pelvis, medulla, and cortex.

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Ultrasonographic evaluation of kidney’s

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  1. Ultrasonographic evaluation of kidney’s

  2. Why we do ultrasound of this area? • For the asses of kidney this is best of all studies performed to asses the kidneys due to their size, shape and internal architecture. • By this we can easily understand the change or abnormality inside of the kidneys as in renal pelvis stones can easily be demonstrated by US

  3. Advantages over conventional radiology • In this have ability to visualize the kidneys in emaciated animals. • Also in those have retroperitoneal fluids, Small renal masses, pelvic or ureteral dilation etc. • By this easily assessment of renal blood flow by increased doppler imaging

  4. Some limitations • Inability to completely visualize the kidneys in some large and obese dogs • Also it is incompatible in animals with excessive bowl gases. • Radiopecue calculi can easily be localized by conventional radiography

  5. Transducer used • 5-MHz for dogs. • 7.5-MHz for cats. • NOTE:Higher frequency can be used for left kidney as it is more superficial.

  6. Anatomy of kidneys • Depth gauge and power settings are less than required for liver. • These are Located in ventral abdomen when animal are in dorsal recumbency. • It is necessary to place firm transducer pressure to displace overlaying bowel loops.

  7. Some positions for kidney sonography • Dorsal position for left kidney. • Right lateral recumbancy for right kidney. • Dorsal recumbancy transducer in left lateral position. • Dorsal recumbancy transducer at 11th to 12th intercostals space.

  8. Left kidney • It is easier to visualize because of it’s more caudal position. • Also by acoustic window sometimes provided by the spleen.

  9. Landmarks of left kidney • In dorsal recumbancy it is at right side but in left side of the animal body. • cranial pole of this contacts grater curvature of stomach. • Dorsal and medial to spleen. • It contacts left limb of pancreas cranially. • Left adrenal gland medially which is ventrolateral to aorta.

  10. Right kidney • It is difficult visualize right kidney as it is more deeper & cranial. • In dogs it is within the rib cage & gas filled bowls make difficult visualize it • In high quality images it is located in the right 11th to 12th intercostals space • For this it is better to place the animal in right lateral recumbancy.

  11. Land marks for right kidney • The cranial pole of right kidney is located in the renal fossa of caudate liver lobe. • At its medial border is caudal vena cava. • Ventral to this is descending duodenum & right pancreatic limb.

  12. Renal pelvis is hyper echoic than the other part Then the medulla is anechoic Cortex is Hypoechoic Renal image

  13. In this image hyper- echoic round body is urinary calculi Renal calculi

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