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USC. C. S. E. http://cebase.org. Empiricism in Software Engineering.

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  1. USC C S E http://cebase.org

  2. Empiricism in Software Engineering • Empiricism: “An understanding of development methods based on real-world data will help software developers to produce “no surprise” software by choosing appropriate methods for producing software of the required quality and reliability.” • Aims to: • strengthen available tools and methods by identifying current problems in practice as well as promising areas of research • provide validation for mature technologies • provide indications for the development of less mature technologies • A commitment to advancing the field through empiricism is a fundamental part of CeBASE. February 2001

  3. Experimentation (pre-CeBASE) • A number of rigorous individual studies have been run and added to our knowledge of software engineering techniques • E.g. PBR, a procedural and specific inspection technique, found more defects in a study at NASA GSFC than less structured approaches. • However, drawing general conclusions from empirical studies remains difficult. Hard to know if results will hold: • For developers at other levels of experience • For development teams that are composed differently • If used with different development methodologies • … • Answering such questions requires: • Well-defined and interesting hypotheses. • Well-specified models of process, effectiveness, and context. • A community of researchers willing and able to replicate studies. February 2001

  4. Example: Experimentation in Inspection Techniques Reading Techniques H: Guidelines for effectively creating reading techniques exist. for Inspections for Other Tasks... H: Procedural approaches to inspections are more effective than ad-hoc approaches. Of Requirements Of OO Designs Perspective-Based Reading OO Reading Techs. (OORTs) Study at NASA/ GSFC: Studies in UMCP classes: Studies in UMCP classes: H: PBR is more effective than ad-hoc reading. H: PBR is more effective than ad-hoc reading for various classes of users. H: OORTs are a feasible means of detecting real defects in OO designs.

  5. Detailed Example: Experimentation to Refine OORTs

  6. Current Efforts in CeBASE • Tying together disparate studies to explore more hypotheses. • Obtain more generalizable results. For example, looking across a number of different studies in different contexts to understand general success factors influencing inspection effectiveness. • Obtain more specific results. Running studies in more contexts allows us to better answer industry’s questions. (E.g. Will a particular technique work in my environment?) • Collecting materials already developed and making them available to • Grow the community • Increase the pace of experimentation • Results so far: • Expanded to include new collaborators and begun replication of studies. • Building an experience base of materials and results. • Beginning larger scale analyses across studies. February 2001

  7. H: Factors across environments and techniques influence inspection effectiveness. H: PBR is more effective than ad hoc... H: Cultural factors influence the effectiveness of PBR & other inspection techs. H: PBR can be effectively adapted to Fagan inspection methods. Example: Experimentation in Inspection Techniques Of Requirements Perspective-Based Reading ISERN distributed experiment Study at NASA/ GSFC Studies in UMCP classes Studies at USC Studies at CPQD Lab Package: Reusable materials, experimental design, analyses...

  8. H: OORTs are effective and feasible... H: Cultural factors influence the effectiveness of OORTs. H: Procedural inspection techniques are more effective than ad hoc for OO inspections. Example: Experimentation in Inspection Techniques Of OO Designs OO Reading Techs. (OORTs) Studies by ISERN collaborators: Studies in NTNU: Studies in UMCP classes Lab Package: Reusable materials, experimental design, analyses...

  9. Future goals and issues • In contrast to previous work, CeBASE • is helping us move to a national as well as international focus • is facilitating work with industry as well as universities • Through CeBASE we are reaching out to research communities other than software engineers. • To achieve our goals we are exploring how to better facilitate replication. • How to present materials and results in a way that is usable to various communities? • University collaborators are interested in undertaking replications. • Industrial collaborators interested in contextual information of results. February 2001

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