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Chapter 14

Chapter 14. Managing and Troubleshooting Windows 2000. You Will Learn…. About the Windows NT/2000/XP boot process How to troubleshoot the Windows 2000 boot process How to use maintenance and troubleshooting tools to support Windows 2000. The Windows NT/2000/XP Boot Process.

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Chapter 14

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  1. Chapter 14 Managing and Troubleshooting Windows 2000

  2. You Will Learn… • About the Windows NT/2000/XP boot process • How to troubleshoot the Windows 2000 boot process • How to use maintenance and troubleshooting tools to support Windows 2000

  3. The Windows NT/2000/XPBoot Process • BIOS executes POST • BIOS executes the MBR (Master Boot Record) program • MBR program executes the OS boot program • Boot program executes Ntldr • Ntldr changes the processor mode and loads a file system continued…

  4. The Windows NT/2000/XPBoot Process • Ntldr reads and loads the boot loader menu • Ntldr uses Ntdetect.com • Ntldr loads the OS and device drivers • Ntldr passes control to Ntoskrnl.exe • An operating system other than Windows NT/2000/XP is chosen

  5. The NT/2000/XP Boot Process continued…

  6. The NT/2000/XP Boot Process

  7. Files Needed to BootWindows NT/2000/XP

  8. Customizing the Windows NT/2000/XP Boot Process • Use the Boot.ini file • Can be manually edited, but using System Properties window is recommended • Main sections of the Boot.ini file • [boot loader] • [operating system] • Multi (0) • Disk (0) • Rdisk (0) • Partition (1)

  9. Sample Boot.ini File

  10. Customizing the Windows NT/2000/XP Boot Process

  11. Customizing the Windows NT/2000/XP Boot Process

  12. Troubleshooting theWindows 2000 Boot Process • Try the simple things first • Determine at what point in the process the system fails • Use troubleshooting tools • Advanced Options menu • Recovery Console • Emergency startup disk

  13. Advanced Options Menu • Includes starting the computer in safe mode • Used to prevent many device drivers and system services that normally load during the boot process from loading • Helpful if the problem is a faulty device driver or system service • Accessed by pressing F8 when starting Windows 2000

  14. Advanced Options Menu

  15. Recovery Console • Use when OS does not start properly or hangs during the load • New in Windows 2000 • Command-line interface lets you perform maintenance and repairs to hard drive (eg, damaged registry, system files, or file system) • Does not use a GUI; allows access to the FAT16, FAT32, and NTFS file systems

  16. Accessing the Recovery Console • Must enter Administrator password in order to use it and access an NTFS volume • First boot from the Windows 2000 CD or from the four setup disks, or the console can be installed under the startup menu and accessed from there

  17. Accessing the Recovery Console

  18. Windows 2000Repair Options Window

  19. Windows 2000Recovery Console Window

  20. Attrib Batch Cd Chkdsk Cls Copy Del Dir Disable Diskpart Enable Exit Expand Fixboot Commands Available from the Recovery Console continued…

  21. Fixmbr Format Help Listsvc Logon Map Md or Mkdir More or Type Rd or Rmdir Rename or Ren Set Systemroot Type Commands Available from the Recovery Console

  22. Using the Recovery Console to Restore the Registry • Files in the registry (stored in the %SystemRoot%\System32\Config folder) • Default • Sam • Security • Software • System • A backup of the registry is stored in the %SystemRoot%\Repair\RegBack folder every time you back up the system state

  23. Backup of the Registry

  24. Using the Recovery Console to Restore the Registry

  25. Emergency Repair Process:The Last Resort • Restores the system to its state at the end of the Windows 2000 installation • All changes made to the registry since installation are lost • Requires the Emergency Startup Disk (ERD), but the disk does not contain the same information as the Windows NT ERD

  26. Windows 2000 ERD • Used to recover from problems with corrupted or missing operating system files or a corrupted hard drive boot sector • Contains information about current installation but does not contain a copy of the registry because it is too large to fit on a single floppy disk • Points to a folder (%SystemRoot%\repair) on the hard drive where the registry was backed up at installation

  27. Creating an ERD

  28. Creating an ERD

  29. Tools for Maintenance and Troubleshooting • Backup tool • Windows 2000 support tools • Windows File Protection (WFP) • Disk Properties window • Computer Management window • Microsoft Management Console (MMC) continued…

  30. Tools for Maintenance and Troubleshooting • Performance monitoring and optimization • Task Manager • System Monitor • Managing virtual memory • Dr. Watson and memory dumps • Windows Update

  31. Using the Backup Tool to Restore the System State

  32. Active Directory Administration Tool Active Directory Replication Monitor ADSI Edit Application Compatibility Tool Command Prompt Dependency Walker DiskProbe Global Flags Editor Process Viewer Security Administration Tools SNMP Query Utility Windiff Windows 2000 Support Tools

  33. Windows 2000 Support Tools

  34. Windows Dependency Walker

  35. Windows File Protection • Protects system files such as .sys, .dll, or .exe files from modification • Two tools • Background process that notifies WFP when a protected file is modified • SFC (System File Checker)

  36. Switches for the Sfc.exe Utility

  37. Disk Properties Window • Gives information about a disk • Provides a way to perform routine maintenance on a drive

  38. Disk Properties Window

  39. Disk Properties Window

  40. Computer Management Window

  41. Disk Management • Found in Computer Management console • Used to create partitions on basic disks or volumes on dynamic disks and to convert a basic disk to a dynamic disk • Replaces Fdisk of older Windows OSs

  42. Disk Management

  43. Disk Management

  44. MMC • Console • Combination of several administrative tools into a single window (eg, Computer Management, Recovery Console) • MMC snap-ins • Individual tools within the console (eg, Event Viewer, System Information)

  45. MMC Snap-ins continued…

  46. MMC Snap-ins

  47. Creating a Customized Console

  48. Creating a Customized Console

  49. Creating a Customized Console

  50. Event Viewer • Event Viewer snap-in connects to the Event Viewer tool, which displays logs about significant events that occur or in applications running under the OS • Application log • Security log • System log • Events recorded in system and application logs • Information events • Warning events • Error events

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