1 / 39

Air conditioning and ventilation.

Air conditioning and ventilation. Overview. Introduction Fields of application – air conditioning Fields of application – ventilation Reasons for excess consumption Ways of energy savings Theory Identify minimum air exchange rate Identify ventilation systems that are necessary

phuc
Télécharger la présentation

Air conditioning and ventilation.

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Air conditioning and ventilation.

  2. Overview • Introduction • Fields of application – air conditioning • Fields of application – ventilation • Reasons for excess consumption • Ways of energy savings • Theory • Identify minimum air exchange rate • Identifyventilationsystemsthatarenecessary • Check if organisational measuresimprovetheairconditioningandventilationsituation • Define a ventilation plan • Exercises • Business Case • Summary Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  3. Introduction. Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  4. Fields of application – air conditioning There is a wide range of space cooling activities in the textile industry. The application and use depend on the location in Europe. They are used: • To maintain satisfactory working conditions • To maintain product quality (e.g. cold rooms) • To maintain input material quality and handling characteristics, e.g. enclosed waste storage areas in Scandinavia, prevention of corrosion on components treatment in surface treatment metal industries The systems can be localised (e.g. Infra red space heaters for equipment in storage areas) or centralised(e.g. air conditioning systems in offices). [1, p. 236] Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  5. Fields of application - Ventilation A ventilation system is essential for many industrial installations to function well. • It protects staff from pollutant and emissions within premises • It maintains a clean working atmosphere to protect product quality. [1, p. 238] Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  6. Reasonsforexcessconsumptionofairconditioning/ventilation Excess consumption through technical issues: • Undersizedacclimatization • Obsolete systems • Lack ofautomaticcontrol • Uninsulated ducts, pipes and fittings • Use of decentralized systems with individual controls • Low thermal characteristics in building construction • Accesses, such as windows and doors, not caulked • Malfunctionofnetworkaccessories Excess consumption through behavioral issues: • Accesses are kept open during use of air conditioning • Temperature set-point higher than necessary (or lower if in summer) • System kept on without being needed [2, p. 11] Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  7. It is estimated that 10 % of the electricity consumption in companies is by ventilation systems. Where there is also air conditioning, ventilation and air conditioning can take up an even larger share of the corporate energy budget. [1, p. 240] Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  8. Ways of energy savings Energy savings can be achieved in two ways: • Reducing the cooling needs by: • Buildinginsulation • Efficientglazing • Air infiltrationreduction • Automatic closure of doors • Destratification • Lower temperature settings during non-production periods (programmable regulation) • Reducingsetpoint • Improving the efficiency of heating systems through: • Recovery or use of waste heat • Heatpumps • Radiative and local heating systems coupled with reduced temperatures in the unoccupied areas of the buildings [3, p. 13] Introduction- Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  9. Theory. Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  10. Whatneedstobedone? Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  11. Approach • Identifyminimumairexchange rate • Identifytheventilationsystemsthatarenecessary • Check if organisational measuresimprovetheairconditioningandventilationsituation • Define a ventilation plan Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  12. Identify minimum air exchange rate Necessary minimum air exchange rate [4, p. 28] Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  13. 2. Identifyventilationsystemsthatarenecessary • General ventilation: • Used to change the air in large volume working areas. • Type of systems depends on the premises of ventilation, the pollution, and whether or not air conditioning is required. • The lower the flowrate, the lowertheenergyconsumptionis. • Processventilation: • Is integratedintotheheartoftheprocess • Usedtoremovepollution, cool machines, circulatecooledorheatedair etc. • Specific ventilation: • Designed to remove emissions as close as possible to the source. • Directed at localised pollutant emissions • [1, p. 240] Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  14. 3. Organisational measures • Rearrange workplace • Change behaviour • Technical measures Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  15. a. Rearrange workplace • Measure: Using clean and effective coolers. Verify dirt deposition in all heat transfer surfaces • Effect: Reduction of electric and thermal consumptions; cost reduction and emission reduction because of reduction of electric consumption and in use of combustibles • Important: Cost effective measure, should always be checked [5] Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  16. b. Change behaviour • Cooling • Free-cooling • Repairing leaks Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  17. Cooling • Measure: Use cooling only when area is occupied • Effect: Reduction of electric and thermal consumptions • Important: Applies for comfort areas, technical areas such as server rooms, display rooms, etc. should be analyzed separately [5] Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  18. Free-Cooling • Measure: • Usefree-coolingwheneverpossible • Free cooling takes place when the external ambient air enthalpy is less than the indoor air enthalpy • Effect: • Reduction of electric and thermal consumptions [5] • Important: • Available when the outside temperature is lower than the inside and cooling is required, e.g. cooling production plant in winter. Cold water maybe used to cool machines and get warmed up at the same time; savings up to 40% (higher in very cold climates) • This free contribution can be transferred to the system needing cooling either directly or indirectly. [1, p. 244] Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  19. Repairing leaks • Measure: Repair leaks in ventilation pipework • Effect: Reductionofelectricconsumption; cost reduction and Emission reduction because of electric consumption reduction • Important: Very cost effective measure, should always be checked[5] Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  20. c. Technical measures • Adequate ventilation control • Timer switch • Removal of covering/impediments • Window frames Introduction - Theory- Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  21. Adequate ventilation control • Measure: • Useoffrequencyconverter • Effect: • Adequateventilationcontrol, reducedelectricityconsumption, betterairquality • Important: • Opportunitiesforintegratingaircontrolinto a centralbuildingcontrolsystemshouldbescreened • Duringcurrentpeaksventilationsystemscanberegulatedorswitched off for a shortperiod [4, p. 28] Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  22. Timer switch • Measure: Control optimization with a timer switch and/or occupancy sensor • Effect: Reduction of the amount of ventilation; reduction of electric consumption • Important: Air conditioning consumes electricity, which is more expensive and more carbon intensive than heating, this is why different thresholds haven been chosen. Low thresholds, because quite inexpensive BP. [5] Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  23. Removal of covering / impediments • Measure: • Removal of covering / impediments from air conditioners • Effect: • Reduction of electric and of combustible consumption • Important: • Savings low-medium • Cautiousi approach is recommended, because removals have a security function [5] Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  24. Window frames • Measure: Adoption of high efficiency window frames • Effect: Reduction of electric and thermal consumptions • Important: Savings Low - Low/Medium [5] Introduction - Theory- Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  25. 4. Define a ventilation plan A ventilation plan is a system consisting of many interacting parts. For instance: • The air system (intake, distributor, transport network) • The fans (fans, motors, transmission systems) • The ventilation control and regulation systems (flow variation, centralised technical management (CTM), etc.) • Energyrecoverydevices • Air cleanersand the different types of ventilation system chosen (general ventilation, specific ventilation, with or without air conditioning, etc.). [1, p. 238] Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  26. Exercises. Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  27. Analysis Define a ventilation plan for a room of your company. Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  28. Analysis Did you consider… • the air system • the fans • the ventilation control and regulation systems • energy recovery devices • air cleaners and the different types of ventilation system chosen? Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  29. Business Case. Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  30. Practicalexample – officebuilding in Mannheim • Project:Optimisation of the ventilation system • Problem: High energy consumption • Measures: • Exchange of all ventilatiors • Installation of new ventilators & driving motors [6, p. 34] Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  31. Practical example - Würzburg Transport services Ventilation improvements: Savings and Amortisation [6, p. 34] Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  32. Summary. Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  33. Repetition • It is estimated that 10 % of the electricity consumption in companies is by ventilation systems. • Energysavingscanbeachivedthroughreducingcoolingneedsandimprovingtheeffiency • Organisational measurescouldberearrangingworkplace, changingbehaviourandtechnichalmeasures Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  34. Readings • [1] European Commission (2009): Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for Energy Efficiency. • [2] CITEVE (2013): Critical Energy Saving Points for the Clothing Manufacturing Process/Factory Environment, Deliverable D3.1. • [3] Gherzi: Savings potential, Deliverable D2.3 • [4] EnergieAgentur.NRW (2012): Leitfaden. Effiziente Energienutzung in der Textilveredlung. • [5] Extra energy saving measures for Artisan Tool. • [6] Landesgewerbeamt Baden-Württemberg (2002): Energieeffiziente Lüftungsanalagen in Betrieben. http://www.umweltschutz-bw.de/PDF_Dateien/Wichtig_fuer_alle_Branchen/BaWue_Lueftungsanlagen.pdf Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  35. More readings • Origin energy: Energy Efficiency Fact Sheet http://www.originenergy.com.au/files/SMEfs_HeatingAirCon.pdf • Hkfsd: Fire Safety Requirements for Ventilation / Air conditioning Control Systems for Licensed Premises http://www.hkfsd.gov.hk/eng/source/licensing/VAC_EN.pdf • Carbon Trust: Heating, ventilation and air conditioning http://www.carbontrust.com/media/7403/ctv046_heating_ventilation_and_air_conditioning.pdf Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  36. Pictures -1 • Slide 1– Dee O‘Shell: Ventilator – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/deeoshell/5271108512/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY-SA 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/legalcode) • Slide 2– Luigi Mengato: Overview – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/luigimengato/6331404824/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode) • Slide 3– viZZZual.com: ventilator – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/vizzzual-dot-com/2732742219/sizes/m/in/photolist-5au24a/ License: CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode) • Slide 4– Brian Snelson: Air conditioningfan 1 – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/exfordy/405051167/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode) • Slide 5– John Loo: Wheel – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/johnloo/3711663828/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode) • Slide 6– Jim_K-Town: Simple coolingsystem – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/innovaticlab/5652951890/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode) • Slide 7– GillyBerlin: Steckdose – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/gillyberlin/3095818670/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode) • Slide 8– Neil Bird: EnergySaver – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nechbi/1006657497/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode) Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  37. Pictures -2 • Slide 9– Thomas Angermann: Foto til et tag – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/angermann/3551261675/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY-SA 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/legalcode) • Slide 10 – Dennis Skley: *grübel* – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/dskley/8627475625/sizes/z/in/photostream/ License: CC BY-ND 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.0/legalcode) • Slide 11– Carissa Rogers: kid to do list, list, Be happy and go home – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/rog2bark/3437630552/sizes/m/in/photolist-6eLKNh-c1mn5W-9Lcbki-9jeZKu-CdE9B-6tQG1N-8cuPQg-6oCMfR-5R2t5b-9uCMNF-7WWKna-82Z8Cz-87uSWj-839wC-8QW9Yq-7pHc1U-6qsYHC-gu1Ra-7Jq5QH-7Mfehz-7VWPxJ-6J37Hp-4QCVn9-8QzzeL-8w3ARY-5JaQRk-5wvNsm-fMnd2-ffgRgs-4yar1X-dr9xUw-dJLTso-3bLKoc-5sane8-eT8xC-5QjTMr-55xTxK-iYZum-i8xKL-61m8xK-6YzqVs-7JKQkd-5SyRgw-4VSKqq-avZUVo-4ZwxHC-3svSV-4qU25r-4sCr3S-PVLFS-5rMwqS/ License: CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode) • Slide 13– Florin Rosoga: DSCF8415 – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/florinrosoga/5811873948/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY-SA 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/legalcode) • Slide 14 – Peter Kaminski: STOP ALL WAY – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/peterkaminski/1510724/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode) • Slide 15– webmatch.de: Putzfrau gesucht – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/dogdoor/5567592161/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode) • Slide 16– Wonderlane: DANN BehaviorObservations – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/wonderlane/3103598269/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode) • Slide 17– grisei: wurm3 – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/grisei/363329205/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode) • Slide 18– fihu: Fenster auf – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/fihu/2104980022/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY-SA 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/legalcode) Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  38. Pictures -3 • Slide 19– Anja Nowak: 04.07.2013 – Leck – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/pommeranze/9541005886/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode) • Slide 20– BiblioArchives/ LibraryArchives: Ottawa Technical School students studying to become radio technicians and mechanics with the R.C.A.F / Des étudiants de l'école technique d'Ottawaétudient pour devenirtechniciens radio oumécaniciensdansl'Aviationroyale du Canada – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/lac-bac/7797312736/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode) • Slide 21– Metro Centric: Köln / Cologne – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/16782093@N03/10368063274/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode) • Slide 22– mlpeixoto: Timer de Cozinha em forma de Tomate – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/mlpeixoto/5351547427/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode) • Slide 23– VetaturFumare: Vintage aftermarket air conditioning sticker on an old Alfa Romeo Montreal – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/10047629@N04/9602181809/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY-SA 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/legalcode) • Slide 24– Ramesh NG: Window – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/rameshng/6045027221/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY-SA 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/legalcode) • Slide 25– Steve Jurvetson: Google‘s Master Plan – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/jurvetson/21470089/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode) Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

  39. Pictures -4 • Slide 26– Florian Simeth: Arbeiten von zu Hause mit dem Laptop – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/hangout-lifestyle/5865980513/sizes/o/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode) • Slide 27– Bilal Kamoon: Question Mark Graffiti – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/bilal-kamoon/6835060992/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode) • Slide 28– Photocapy: ! – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/photocapy/3834784192/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY-SA 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/legalcode) • Slide 29– Son of Groucho: Not Our Guide – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/sonofgroucho/3855487710/sizes/z/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode • Slide 30– Anthony Easton: overhangof 80s officebuilding, porthuron – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/pinkmoose/4556314563/sizes/m/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode • Slide 32– KutchalaSutchi: Repetition, 23.03.'10, Abidjan-Yopougon (4640) – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/kutchala/4469943694/sizes/o/in/photostream/ License: CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode) • Slide 33– evoo73: Windows – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/evoo73/3702164848/sizes/l/in/photolist-6D9yCq-68gUgN-byrkkv-6yHq7C-68qZeB-6bSytR-7MgbcK-774LZw-65Q13g-66126u-7mwo9M-6gsSTp-64Xrqo-8UZ4bD-65WEyZ-6yDoqg-6iTjcM-6D6Bn8-6cn7SD-4YQTvN-4nXt13-59cxnL-4jJGzk-5nMcV5-5zaTqE-5PigRp-5BzJ8t-4hyNRJ-4wSa3V-52MssZ-5ASMt2-5G4T5b-4huHLX-4ZjNaQ-4Atiro-4pV2fU-4Asw56-4x5nLb-5bVxBy-5k6PoW-5gKVHk-4og7bV-4jJHqg-4huGaK-4YBT4N-5j5YhW-5GEMMi-5bRuuP-4hyNiE-4jNuQo-52Ducc/ License: CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode) Introduction - Theory - Exercises - Business Case - Summary

More Related