e-Books: Return of Investment 電子書 : 投資報酬 成本回收

1. e-Books: Return of Investment電子書:投資報酬 成本回收 Presented By: Mr. Jonathan BunkellVP Online Books Sales S&T Books Elsevier2008

2. Topics今日議題 • Transition from Print to Electronic • 從紙本轉型至電子版 • What are the advantages?帶給我們的優勢? • Research Study研究學習 • What makes a good investment on Online Books? • 對於電子圖書而言什麼是良好的投資成本指標? • Usage per book每本書的使用率 • Citations引用次數 • Cost-saving compared to print節省成本-與紙本書比較 • Case Study個案討論

3. Transition from Print to Electronics從紙本轉型至電子版

4. ADVANTAGES OF ONLINE BOOKS電子書的優勢 • Online books are a COST-EFFECTIVE solution that becomes more COST-EFFECTIVE over time電子書的成本將會隨著時間而降低，是節省成本的解決之道 • Optimize access & discoverability of book titles可大幅提升書籍的瀏覽率及取得的便利性 & 發現不為人知的文獻 • Cross-link books with other online content for a more dynamic research experience可靈活的與其他電子資源作多元的交互串連 • Optimize usage of book titles可提升書的使用統計

5. ONLINE BOOKS ARE COST EFFECTIVE & BECOME MORE COST-EFFECTIVE OVER TIME電子書的成本會 隨著使用的年限逐年遞減 University of Texas study demonstrates: 德克薩斯大學的研究發現 • Online books cost per use is between 25¢ - $4.80. (but less ongoing cost, so total cost-per-use decrease with every passing year)電子書的平均使用成本約在25¢ - $4.80之間，這個數字會因為使用的年限 而逐年遞減 • Printed Books cost per use is between $3.24 - $28.57. (but with higher ongoing costs: heating / cooling / shelving / maintenance costs) 而紙本圖書的平均使用成本約在$3.24 - $28.57之間，但這個數字會因為每年的附加成本而逐年遞增 例如：冷氣/排架/維護 等費用， Source, Dennis Dillon, University of Texas Ebook Study, 2007

6. COST PER USE PER ONLINE BOOK TYPE FOR BOOKS ON SCIENCEDIRECT在SDOL中: 電子書的平均使用成本 • Ebook (Elsevier Monograph) Cost per Use on ScienceDirect is $5.10 per chapter currently but eBooks only launched in September 2007, forecast to be down to $2.30 by December 2008 Elsevier 的Ebook 平均使用成本目前是$5.10 ，但因為E book在2007年才上線，所以我們估計到2008年底的時候成本會下降到$2.30 Source: Books on ScienceDirect Usage Research 2008

7. ANALYSIS OF ONLINE BOOKS COST-EFFECTIVENESS分析電子書的成本效益 • How much do academic libraries spend on print books? 學術圖書館花費多少成本在紙本書上? • Are e-books being used more often than print books? 電子書的使用率已超過紙本書了嗎? • How expensive are ScienceDirect e-books compared to their equivalent in print? ScienceDirect e-books 比同性質紙本書貴多少? Source: SCONUL, ARL, ScienceDirect Handbook and Book Series Usage Data

8. TOTAL COST PER BOOK US每本書的總平均成本 – 美國 • Association of Research Libraries (ARL) • Annual reports since 1908, relevant data from 1988 up to 2005 • >120 academic libraries • Data on finance, usage, stock and acquisitions Source: SCONUL, ARL, ScienceDirect Handbook and Book Series Usage Data

9. TOTAL COSTS PER BOOK AUSTRALIA每本書的總平均成本 – 澳洲 • Council of Australian University Librarians (CAUL) • Annual library statistics from 1994 up to 2005 • >50 academic libraries • Data on finance, usage, stock and acquisitions Source: SCONUL, ARL, ScienceDirect Handbook and Book Series Usage Data

10. TOTAL COST PER BOOK UK每本書的總平均成本 – 英國 • Society of College, National and University Libraries (SCONUL) • Annual library statistics 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 • >130 academic libraries • Data on finance, usage, stock and acquisition Source: SCONUL, ARL, ScienceDirect Handbook and Book Series Usage Data

11. AS PRINT BOOKS GET MORE EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN, ONLINE BOOKS PROVIDE AN ATTRACTIVE ALTERNATIVE當紙本圖書需要更多的維護經費時，電子書提供了吸引人的解決之道 • Online books can be used by any user, behind any computer with an internet connection 只要有網路連結，電子書可同時提供給廣大的讀者做使用 • Print books can only be read by one person at a time, oftentimes more than one copy is required 紙本書在同一個時間僅可提供一個讀者做使用 所以通常需要多過一本的副本書 • Are online books a better way to provide staff and student with the information they need? 所以電子書是一個可提供讀者所需資訊的較佳選擇嗎? Source: SCONUL, ARL, ScienceDirect Handbook and Book Series Usage Data

12. ONLINE BOOKS ARE USED MORE THAN PRINT電子書比紙本書的使用率高 • The number of loans per volume for print books is very small (SCONUL & ARL data) 0.18 - 1.3 accesses per volume per year紙本書每卷的借閱率其實非常低，平均每本書每卷每年的借閱次數是 0.18 - 1.3 次 • The number of accesses per volume of Sciencedirect online handbooks and online book series is substantial12 - 45 accesses per volume per year 在SDOL上電子叢書或是手冊的使用率: 平均每本書每卷每年的下載次數是 12-45 次 • Online books can generate more usage 電子書可以創造更多的使用率

13. ONLINE BOOKS ARE USED MORE THAN PRIN電子書比紙本書的使用率高 Source: SCONUL, ARL, ScienceDirect Handbook and Book Series Usage Data

14. STRONG USER PREFERENCE FOR ONLINE BOOKS大多數的使用者 比較喜歡使用電子書 Source: 1. Global Faculty eBook Survey 2007 (E-brary); 2. Elsevier eBook User Survey 2007 (Monitor Group) - 900+ Professors, Researchers, Students

15. What makes a good investment for Online Books?為什麼電子書可以值得投資?

16. Books play a fundamental role in driving research output書對於推動研究產出 扮演著最根本的角色 Books are heavily referenced in published research在出版的研究中 書扮演大量參考文獻的角色 When it comes to cited records, the most cited item in Scopus is a book! 談到引用 在Scopus 中 最高的引用文獻種類 曾經就是 “書”! Understanding the role of books in the research environment在研究環境中 了解書所扮演角色

17. Cited By Counts for Advances in Cancer Research Cognition Encyclopedia of Neurosciences H-index of Gerry T.M Altmann Cancer Cell ScienceDirect Current Biology Neuron Learning & Memory Advances in Cancer Research H-index of Paul W. Glimcher Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Books Signal Processing for Neuroscientists Journals Citation information Inter-relations between monographs, citations, journals, book series and reference works單行本、引用文獻、 期刊、 電子叢書 & 參考工具書之間的交互關係圖 ScienceDirect links books, journals and citation databases to create a fully comprehensive search Source: ScienceDirect Online Books Value Story 2008

18. Elsevier 書籍部門: 出版書籍之嚴選 & 品管流程

19. Books on Highly Accessible Platforms – High Usage書在一個高度開放的平台 擁有高度的使用率 Source: 1. Elsevier eBook User Survey 2007 (Monitor Group) - 900+ Professors, Researchers, Students

20. Links to journals Links to Scopus viewing Can you crosslink your books with other research materials such as journals?您的書可與其他的研究資料相互串連運用嗎? 例如期刊? …as well as integrating with external systems via MARC records, and other sources via CrossRef.更可與外部系統 如 MARC records 和 CrossRef 來資源整合 Source: ScienceDirect Online Books Value Story 2008

21. Case Study: University Investment in the Library: What’s the Return? 個案討論:大學圖書館的投資成本回收?

22. Top-of-Mind Thoughts About Libraries最直觀的圖書館印象 “The library brand is books” “Why do we need the library when everything is on the Internet”

23. Illinois is a world leader in research, teaching, and public engagement, distinguished by the breadth of its programs, broad academic excellence, and internationally renowned faculty. Illinois alumni have earned Nobel and Pulitzer Prizes and Olympic medals, have orbited the earth, and lead international corporations. The campus offers rich experiences beyond the classroom, from the best performing arts to Big Ten sports.

24. Study’s Objective討論目標 For every $ spent on the library,the university received ‘X’ $ in return.圖書館所花的每分投資可以在大學裡回收幾成? Articulate value in terms of institutional objectives機構目標之明顯價值 Measurable effects 可衡量的影響 Replicable 可複製性 Meaningful & compelling 有意義 & 令人信服的

25. Quantifying for the University 大學裡可以量化的指標 ROI:投資報酬率 • Income as a proportion of the amount invested in an asset. Faculty generate income for the institution. Faculty use the library and its collections. What role do information resources serve in the income generation process? % of grant $ usinglibrary resources ÷ Library budget $ = “X”

26. Explaining the Study研究解釋分析 • Nota means of claiming a new revenue stream for the Library 並非為圖書館研究帶來新收入的方法 • Not a cost or time-saving exercise • 並非節省時間或成本的實證練習 • Not a budget argument並非預算上的論點爭議 • Rather, the goals of the study were to: • 相反的是 研究的目標為 • Demonstrate that the Library and its research collections contribute to essential campus income-generating activities 可表明圖書館和所收藏的研究對於校園中成本回收是有不可或缺的貢獻 • Quantify the return on the University’s investment in its Library 可將大學投資圖書館的報酬率加以量化 • Highlight the Library’s role in campus extra-mural funding 可突顯圖書館在爭取補助資金的角色 • Demonstrate “correlation” between the Library and grant activities, rather than attempt to prove “cause and effect.” 試著證明圖書館和補助獎金之間的相互關係，而非證明與其的因果關係

27. Hypothesis …假設… University impact/ administration satisfaction Grants awarded to institution 46% 42% Paper output/ citations Grant applications w/ citations from library- funded resources 54% 58% Research accessed via university network/ Library Gateway Prestige = Resource funding Investment in e-Resources 2001 v. 2005 Sci. / Eng.* Time SpentGathering Time Spent Analyzing * Source: Outsell’s Buyer Market Database, Dr. Carol Tenopir

28. “A sure way to kill a proposal is not to give proper credit or to not update new developments.” “In physical and life sciences, it would be unthinkable to have a grant application without literature references.” “Without … references the grant proposal would likely not be reviewed.” “ABSOLUTELY ESSENTIAL!” Comments About References 參考資源的評論

29. Library-Supplied Content 圖書館所支援的資源 94% report using library resources in grant proposals 75% of references accessed through library For every reference cited in 2006, faculty estimate they read 4-5 more articles or books … Many more abstracts are scanned 94% obtain proposal citations via campus network/LibraryGateway

30. Impact of e-Resources 電子資源的影響 270 of 328 (82%) respondents offered comments • Fewer trips to the library 減少進入圖書館的機會 • More time reading, less time finding • More resources reviewed, better ones cited • More efficient access (from home, while traveling, etc.) • Less use of print content (convenience of electronic) • Less serendipitous discovery • Integrated with their work 整合讀者的研究工作 • Read, write, find, share • Searching & reading blend together • Supports interdisciplinary exploration 支援跨領域的研究探索 • Better quality更好的品質 ; more competitive research & proposals

31. Comments About e-Efficiency 電子資源效益評論 “Absolutely essential for modern research. The sheer size of the published literature makes it impossible to do this work the old fashion way.” “It has made much of the process easier and faster, and has enriched the quality, and especially the breadth of the material I can access and share with others.” “I can evaluate far more papers and more deeply ... I can also traverse the literature much faster and follow chain of citations … It is one of the biggest time savers in my life.” “I spend more time exploring works…less directly related to my research topic…This has been very beneficial in identifying links between my work and work in allied fields.”

32. Comments About e-Productivity 電子資源生產力的評論 “Completely changed the way I work by increasing my productivity. I … spend more time reading [articles].” “I could not submit as many grants. With grant funding levels at 4-6% of submitted proposals I would not have achieved my current funding level.” “It has increased the strength of my grant proposals … by allowing for …thorough evaluation of the literature on any particular topic.” “My productivity would drop at least four fold if I had to go to the library for all my needs.”

33. Competition & Library Value 競爭與圖書館價值 “’Finding’ and ‘Accessing’ is synonymous with ‘reading’ when access is via the online gateway.” “It would be impossible to be competitive internationally without electronic access to publications.” “I would leave this university in a microsecond if the library deteriorated to the point of making me uncompetitive for research and funding.” “Our success at UIUC in attracting external research funds has and will become ever more competitive. Thus, our access to electronic information will become all the more necessary.”