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The Paris Peace Conference Treaties

The Paris Peace Conference Treaties. Treaty of Trianon, dealing with Hungary. End of WWI. After WWI, Hungary claimed independence from Austria-Hungary on October 31st 1918. The Allies delayed peace with hungary because:

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The Paris Peace Conference Treaties

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  1. The Paris Peace Conference Treaties Treaty of Trianon, dealing with Hungary

  2. End of WWI After WWI, Hungary claimed independence from Austria-Hungary on October 31st 1918. The Allies delayed peace with hungary because: They didn't want to treat with Hungary's communist regime, lead by Béla Kun. There was instability in the moderate Hungarian government, who were in office during the Romanian occupation of Budapest (1919)  The Allies recognized the new government on January 16th, 1920 at Neuilly where they were sent a draft of the treaty. 

  3. Hungary  Hungary (successor state to Austria-Hungary) Signed June 4th, 1920, at the Trianon Palace at Versailles, France. The Allies recognized the New Government of Hungary and they lost a lot of territory: at least two-thirds of territory and two-thirds of its inhabitants. 

  4. From the point of view of most non-Hungarians, the country would finally achieve a right for self-determination and independence, and be united with other members of their nation.  • On the other hand, Hungarians claim that the real motive of the treaty was simply an attempt to dismantle a major power in Central Europe and that without any manpower, the treaty was a "violation of the principle of self-determination".   Political Outcomes • Many cities and religions that were ethnically diverse in the 19th century became for the most part unilingual, or dominated  by a single language and culture. 

  5. Political Outcomes (cont.) • A significant proportion of ethnic Hungarians lived outside the borders of post-Trianon Hungary. • Three new states were formed: Austria, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia. The latter was given to Slovakia, sub.Carpathian Ruthenia (the region of Pressburg in Bratislava), and other minor states. •  The response of Hungarians to the treaties: "Nem, Nem, Soha!" (No,no, never!)

  6. Economic Outcomes With the loss of so much man-power, they could rebuild their economy, and the Hungarian officials and population felt it was a "violation of the principle of self-determination". Most of their iron, steel, salt, wheat, and coal lands were given to the newly formed/enlarged countries, leaving Hungary with very little natural resources with which to rebuild their economy.

  7. Military Outcomes • No railways were aloud on more than one track. • They took back their privileges in territories outside of Europe.   • Heavy artillery, tanks, and air force not allowed.  The army was to be restricted to 35,000 men and there would be no conscription.

  8. Formation of Hungary Borders: Romania, Serbia, Austria, Ukraine, and Czechoslovakia Although they split form Austria, they didn't actually gain territory, instead they lost 2/3 of their territories and more that 13 million citizens.  Ethnic and religious majorities and minorities such as the Magyars were displaced out of hungary.  Their resources, markets, factories became disproportionate because of the pre-treaty borders. 1/3of hungarians were without jobs. Hungary lost their railways, public, roads, and canals. There were uprisings of anti-semitism because the government under Bethlen tried to fix the problem of immigration.

  9. Formation of Austria • The break-up of the Empire had deprived Austria of its major industrial regions, Bohemia and Monrovia. • Political instability continued, culminating in a Communist riot in Vienna in 1927 Borders: Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia,Italy,Switzerland,Geramny  Land taken from: a bit of Hungary  As on 12 November 1918, Austria became a republic called German Austria,a big part of it was german-speaking nation. 

  10. Romania • Borders: Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia,USSR • Land taken from: Hungary was forced to renounce in favor of Romania all the claims of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy over Transylvania. • Ethnic and Religious majorities/minorities: The union of 1918 led to the inclusion of various sizable minorities, including Magyars (ethnic Hungarians), Germans, Jews, Ukrainians, Bulgarians, etc. • Romania became a liberal constitutional monarchy, but one facing the rise of the nationalist and anti-semitic parties.

  11. Yugoslavia • Borders:Albania,Greece,Bulgaria,Romania,Hungary,Austria • Land taken from: Hungary  • Ethnic & religious majorities and minorities: Croats, Muslim Slavs, Slovenes), Albanians , Macedonians , Montenegrins , and Hungarians  • Internal communications were poor, damage from WWI had been extensive, and with few exceptions agriculture was devoid of machinery or other modern farming technologies.  • After WW1 not many countries have ever suffered the raging flames of civil war as hard or as often as Yugoslavia.The scattered fragments of former Yugoslavia took arms against each other in a mission of ethnic cleansing. 

  12. Assessments of the Treaty Lloyd George objected to the treaty proposed to Hungary Clemenceau didn't know much about Austria-Hungary but he supported it, only because he wanted to weaken it President Wilson supported it, but then ended up changing his opinion because of international politics  The allies only agreed so that they could weaken Austria-Hungary, they didn't care about the regions problems Hungary didn't approve, they believed that it was too harsh

  13.  Our Assessment Too harsh/lenient?Maybe a bit too harsh, but not too lenient. It was good to limit the army soldiers Splitting Austria-Hungary for their own benefits. 

  14. MLA Sources "Treaty of Trianon." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 24 Jan. 2012. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/604658/Treaty-of-Trianon>. Schmidt, Constantin. "The Treaty of Trianon » Der Freidenker." Der Freidenker. Creative Commons License CC BY-NC-SA 3.0, 15 Jan. 2011. Web. 24 Jan. 2012. <http://freidenker.cc/the-treaty-of-trianon/1887/>. O'Fee, James. "Nicolson and Trianon 5, by James O'Fee - Impala Publishers Blog Page." Welcome to Impala Press. James O'Fee, 22 Jan. 2009. Web. 24 Jan. 2012. <http://www.impalapublications.com/blog/index.php?/archives/3516-Nicolson-and-Trianon-5,-by-James-OFee.html>. Hellyer, Paul. "Kádár." Caught In The Middle. 23 Aug. 2009. Web. 24 Jan. 2012. <http://paulhellyer.com/?tag=kadar>. "THE SIGNIFICANCE OF REVISIONISM IN HUNGARY." Corvinus Library - Hungarian History. Web. 24 Jan. 2012. <http://www.hungarianhistory.com/lib/montgo/montgo05.htm>.

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