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ZebraNet: GPS Animal Tracking in Kenya

Explore the unique hardware design experiences of ZebraNet in collars with GPS for zebra monitoring in Kenya. Learn about the mobile sensor system and sparse network coverage used in this innovative project.

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ZebraNet: GPS Animal Tracking in Kenya

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  1. Hardware Design Experiences in ZebraNet [ZSLM04] - Princeton University Sensys ‘04 Presented By: Jay Taneja

  2. Mpala Research Centre • Application: Animal Tracking - Use collars with GPS to take periodic readings in order to support biologists monitoring the walking patterns of zebras in Kenya

  3. ZebraNet Design Space • Mobile Sensor System • Sparse Network Coverage • High Energy Sensors (GPS) IMPORTANT POINT ZebraNet is unlike any other deployment, requiring custom hardware and software

  4. Goals for ZebraNet • Three Primary Goals • Collect detailed, accurate position logs of each zebra • Have a high data recovery rate (Redwoods?) • Autonomous Operation Moo.

  5. Hardware Evolution

  6. Another Important Evolution • Change of -controller • Lower power usage (switching clocks) • 750 mA-hr/day, 20 MHz Hitachi SH1 too greedy • TI MSP430F149 allows multiple clocks (32 KHz, 8 MHz) • Ease of software development (16-bit) • Ability to have 100% duty cycle • 32 KHz clock consumes 0.05 mA more than sleep

  7. Important Features • Nodes obtain GPS reading every 8 minutes • GPS can sync to global clock allowing for efficient TDMA scheme • Nodes attempt to send information over radio (multi-hop) every 2 hours • All data logged to onboard flash (local as well as received - latency, shmlatency)

  8. % of Successful Receive vs. Distance No spell check on figures

  9. Solar Power Analysis

  10. A Thousand Words

  11. GPS Data for 1 Zebra Over 24 Hours

  12. Conclusions • Hardware choice worked very well for sparse node-to-node communication • Simplicity of software environment dictated -controller choice • Details matter in WSN power management

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