Elements, Compounds, & Mixtures

1. Chapter 4 Elements, Compounds, & Mixtures

2. Section 1: Elements • Objectives • Describe pure substances • Describe the characteristics of elements, and give examples • Explain how elements can be identified • Classify elements according to their properties

3. 3.1 Elements • Element- A ________ _______ that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical or physical means. • Pure Substance-A substance in which there is only ____ type of particles

4. Properties of Elements • Each element has its own characteristic properties. • These include boiling/melting point, _______, reactivity, _____________, etc. • An element may share one or two ____________ with another element, but it will not share all its properties with another element. There will be ________ properties for each element.

5. Classifying Elements • You can use properties to identify elements. • Think about how many types of dogs there are. • How do you tell one breed from another? • Categories of Elements • Metals • ______________ • ______________

6. Classifying Elements • Metal- an element that is _____ and conducts _______ and electricity well • Properties • ___________ – ability to be hammered into sheets • Ductile – ability to be drawn into wires

7. Classifying Elements • __________ – an element that conducts heat and electric poorly • Properties • 1. ____________ • 2. brittle – not malleable • Metalloid- an element that has properties of metals and _______________ • Properties 1.some are shiny 2. some are dull 3. somewhat malleable and ductile 4. some are good conductors of heat and electricity 5. some are poor conductors of heat and electricity

8. Classifying Elements

9. Classifying Elements

10. Section 1: Elements • Section Review • Please answer the objectives on your summary sheet • Describe pure substances • Describe the characteristics of elements, and give examples • Explain how elements can be identified • Classify elements according to their properties

11. Section 2: Compounds • Objectives • Explain how elements make up compounds • Describe the properties of compounds • Explain how a compound can be broken down into its elements • Give examples of common compounds

12. 3.2 Compounds • Compound-a substance made up of atoms of _____ or more different elements joined by __________ ______ • Examples: H2O (water), NaCl (table salt) • A particle of a compound is called a ___________ • Elements do not randomly combine. They join into a specific _______ according to their masses.

13. Section 2: Compounds • Properties Compounds versus Elements • A compound will have different ______________ than the elements that make it up

14. Compounds Chlorine • Gas • Poisonous • Greenish-yellow Sodium Soft Silvery, white metal Reacts violently with

15. But when chemically combined… NaCl = _______________ You get……..

16. Breaking Down Compounds • Some compounds can be broken down into their elements or simpler compounds by _____________ means. • Sometimes energy in the form of _______ is needed to do this.

17. Section 2: Compounds • Section Review • Please answer the objectives on your summary sheet • Explain how elements make up compounds • Describe the properties of compounds • Explain how a compound can be broken down into its elements • Give examples of common compounds

18. Section 3: Mixtures • Objectives • Describe three properties of mixtures • Describe methods of separating the parts of a mixture • Analyze a solution in terms of its solute and solvent • Describe factors that affect solubility for solids, liquids, and gases • Explain how concentration affects a solution • Describe the particles in a solution, suspension, and colloid • Explain the difference between colloids, solutions, and suspensions

19. 3.3 Mixtures • Mixture- A combination of two or more substances that are not ____________ combined. • An example would be a salad (or salsa as in the picture). The cheese, sauce, and dough are still the same items after you make the pizza.

20. Properties of Mixtures • Sometimes you cannot see all the components like in salt water This is called a ____________ mixture. It includes salt and water. • Since mixtures are not chemically combined, you can separate the different substances by ___________ methods. • Components in a mixture do not need to be in a specific ratio. Sometimes you can just pick ingredients out of a mixture (pizza) This is called a _______________ mixture

21. Separating Mixtures • Other ways to separate mixtures include: • evaporation – separates a mixture based on boiling points Ex: salt in water • ___________ - a process to separate materials based on their size. Ex: coffee filters and a screen to find artifacts at a historical site. • __________ – separates a mixture based on density. Ex: crude oil – gasoline & propane • centrifuge – separates based on particle size Ex: blood

22. Compounds vs. mixtures

23. Mixture vs. compound vs. element

24. Solutions, Suspensions, & Colloids

25. Solutions • __________ -A mixture that appears to be a single substance. • Particles are small & cannot be ____________ • Solutions have the same _______________ throughout. • Example: Salt Water • ___________ - Substance that is dissolved. (Salt) • Solvent- The substance in which the solute is dissolved. (water) Hide the LOOT in the VENT!

26. Solutions Continued • The term soluble means able to __________. Insoluble means unable to dissolve. • Solutions can be solids, liquids, or gases. • __________-Measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent. • This is expressed as g/mL • To increase solubility: • _________ • stir • crush – smaller particles

27. Section 3: Mixtures • How does temperature affect solubility? • For liquid solvents • A higher temperature makes a gas _______ soluble • A higher temperature makes a solid _______ soluble • USUALLY • A higher temperature makes a liquid more soluble

28. Section 3: Mixtures • To get solids to dissolve faster…

29. Colloids • _________ A type of mixture in which the particles are dispersed throughout but are not heavy enough to settle out • Particle size is larger than that of a solution but small enough they will still pass through a filter. • Examples of colloids: _________, fog

30. Colloids • Colloids scatter _________. (fog) You can actually see the beam of light in the colloid.

31. Suspensions • Suspensions- A mixture in which the particles of a material are dispersed throughout a liquid or gas but are ______ enough that they settle out. • Particles are large enough to settle out. • Suspensions can be separated by passing through a _________. • Examples:Italian salad dressing, muddy water

32. Elements, Compounds, Mixtures

33. Section 3: Mixtures • Section Review • Please answer the objectives on your summary sheet • Describe three properties of mixtures • Describe methods of separating the parts of a mixture • Analyze a solution in terms of its solute and solvent • Describe factors that affect solubility for solids, liquids, and gases • Explain how concentration affects a solution • Describe the particles in a solution, suspension, and colloid • Explain the difference between colloids, solutions, and suspensions