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Human Body Terminology

Human Body Terminology. Bio 099 Lab Martini Chapter 1. Anatomy & Physiology. Structure (anatomy) determines function (physiology). "Proportions of the Human Figure" Leonardo da Vinci, 1485-1490. Gross Anatomy (visible to the unaided eye). surface anatomy.

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Human Body Terminology

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  1. Human Body Terminology Bio 099 Lab Martini Chapter 1

  2. Anatomy & Physiology • Structure (anatomy) determines function (physiology) "Proportions of the Human Figure" Leonardo da Vinci, 1485-1490

  3. Gross Anatomy(visible to the unaided eye) • surface anatomy

  4. Gross Anatomy(visible to the unaided eye) • surface anatomy • regional anatomy

  5. Gross Anatomy(visible to the unaided eye) • surface anatomy • regional anatomy • systemic anatomy • organ systems

  6. Gross Anatomy(visible to the unaided eye) • surface anatomy • regional anatomy • systemic anatomy • organ systems • developmental anatomy • embryology

  7. Gross Anatomy(visible to the unaided eye) • surface anatomy • regional anatomy • systemic anatomy • organ systems • developmental anatomy • embryology • clinical anatomy • for example radiology

  8. Microscopic Anatomy(cannot be seen without magnification) • cytology • looking at individual cells • histology • looking at groups of specialized cells called tissues • tissues combine to form organs

  9. Physiology • The function of the anatomical structure • Cell physiology • Special physiology (i.e., cardiac) • Systemic physiology (i.e., cardiovascular) • Pathological physiology (Pathos = disease)

  10. Levels of Organization

  11. Frames of Anatomical Reference • Anatomy uses a special language to describe body sections, regions and relative positions. • You should be familiar with the body terminology in Chapter 1 (pgs 15-22).

  12. Anatomical Position • hands at side, palms facing forward • STANDING FRONT = ANTERIOR • STANDING BACK = POSTERIOR • LYING FACE UP = SUPINE • LYING FACE DOWN = PRONE

  13. Superficial Anatomy • Anatomical Landmarks • Anterior (front) View • Figure 1-6

  14. Superficial Anatomy • Anatomical Landmarks • Posterior (back) View • Figure 1-6

  15. Regions of the Human Body(Table 1-2, Figure 1-6)

  16. Regions of the Human Body(Table 1-2, Figure 1-6)

  17. Anatomical Regions • Clinicians use: • abdominopelvic quadrants Provides useful reference for description of pain/injury. RLQ tenderness is a symptom of appendicitis Figure 1-7a

  18. Anatomical Regions • Anatomist use: • 9 abdominopelvic regions Figure 1-7

  19. Anatomical Directional References Figure 1-8

  20. Fill in the blank

  21. Sectional Anatomy • 3 Sectional Planes • traverse • frontal • sagittal • Plane: • a 3-dimensional axis • Section: • a slice parallel to a plane Figure 1-9

  22. Body Cavities • internal chambers that serve 2 functions • protect organs • permit change in size without distorting or disrupting surrounding tissues or adjacent organs

  23. Ventral Body Cavity (coelom) • Coelom: • divided by the diaphragm into the 1. thoracic cavity 2. abdominopelvic cavity

  24. Membranes Isolate the Organs • Serous membranes: • parietal layer (next to wall of cavity) • visceral layer (next to organ) Figure 1–10b

  25. Thoracic Cavity • thoracic cavity • pleural cavity • divided by the mediastinum • organs: lungs • membranes: visceral and parietal pleura • pericardial cavity • organs: heart • membranes: visceral and parietal pericardium

  26. Mediastinum • mediastinum divides thoracic cavity into 2 pleural cavities Figure 1–10c

  27. Abdominopelvic Cavity • abdominopelvic cavity • peritoneal cavity • membranes: visceral and parietal peritoneum • abdominal cavity (superior peritoneal) • organs: liver, stomach, spleen, intestine • pelvic cavity (inferior peritoneal) • organs: intestine, bladder, reproductive organs.

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