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The Second New Deal

The Second New Deal. Obama on FDR. http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXfOrOQi8d4. Critics of the New Deal. New Deal under attack Deficit Spending A necessary evil When is it used? John Keynes Stimulate Economy Spend our way out of the Depression Did the New Deal end the Depression?.

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The Second New Deal

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  1. The Second New Deal

  2. Obama on FDR • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXfOrOQi8d4

  3. Critics of the New Deal • New Deal under attack • Deficit Spending • A necessary evil • When is it used? • John Keynes • Stimulate Economy • Spend our way out of the Depression • Did the New Deal end the Depression?

  4. The Second New Deal • Continued to help • Farmers • Workers • Homebuyers • Elderly

  5. Issues continued • Gains were not great • Unemployment remained high • Production still lagged

  6. Eleanor Roosevelt • Supported the Second New Deal • Social reformer and humanitarian • Contributed great political skills • Observed social conditions • Reported back to FDR • Urged FDR to appoint women to government positions

  7. Eleanor Roosevelt • Urged the President to take a stand on controversial issues • Interested in • Child welfare • Housing reform • Equal rights for women • Equal rights for minorities

  8. Eleanor Roosevelt’s Speech on Human Rights • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sPVWmmVKVk0

  9. Dorothea Lange • Born in Hoboken, New Jersey in 1895 • Studied photography in NYC • 1936 visited Nipomo, California • Migrant Mother

  10. Election of 1936 • Republicans nominated Alfred Landon • Governor of Kansas • Democrats nominated Franklin Roosevelt • Second New Deal was under way • Overwhelming victory for the Democrats • First election where most African Americans voted Democratic rather than Republican • First time labor unions gave united support to a presidential candidate

  11. The Supreme Court • NIRA is unconstitutional • Declared law gave legislative powers to the executive branch • Outside of federal government’s constitutional powers to regulate interstate commerce • AAA should be regulated by state not federal government • “Court Packing Bill” (1937) • Why did he propose it? • Appoint 6 new justices • Hugo S. Black shifts the balance • Violation of separation of powers? • How did Roosevelt get his way?

  12. Youth, professionals, and other workers

  13. Works Progress Administration (WPA) • Headed by Harry Hopkins • Turned it into largest employer in the country • Create many jobs, fast! • 1935-1943 spent $11 billion • Jobs to 8 million • Unskilled

  14. WPA • Eleanor Roosevelt • Women • Minorities • Young people

  15. WPA: what they did • 850 airports • 651,000 miles of roads and streets • 125,000 public buildings • 300 million garments for the needy • Made by women in sewing groups

  16. Labor Unions • Better working conditions because of the Wagner Act • Roosevelt was a “Friend of Labor” • Unions donated to his campaign • Workers pledged their votes • Especially affected coal miners and those working in mass-production industries (i.e. automobile, rubber, electrical)

  17. Congress of Industrial Organizations • 1938 Labor organization composed of industrial unions • Split from the Committee for Industrial Organization which signed up unskilled and semi-skilled workers • Gained union recognition within 2 years

  18. Labor Disputes • Sit in strikes • Used to bargain during labor movements • Stayed in factory but did not do work • Why would this be effective?

  19. Memorial Day massacre • Memorial Day 1937 • Police attacked striking steelworkers outside the Republic Steel plant • 10 were killed and 84 wounded • NLRB stepped in and required the head of Republic Steel to negotiate with the union • This helped labor gain strength

  20. Slave Narratives • Arnold Gragstonhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SsDelVbWozA • Sarah Gudgerhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CrcHBWk8S8

  21. National Youth Administration (NYA) • Provided • Education • Jobs • Counseling • Recreation • Aid to high school, college, and graduate students • Worked part-time in exchange

  22. Improving Labor Conditions • 1935 NIRA ruled unconstitutional • National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) • Senator Robert Wagner (New York) • Protected rights of workers • Join unions • Engage in collective bargaining • Prohibited unfair practices

  23. Fair Labor Standards Act • 1938 • Maximum hours at 44 per week • Minimum wage = 25 cents/hour • 40 cents/hour by 1945 • Rules for 16yrs and under • Banned hazardous work for 18 and under

  24. Social Security Act • 1935 chaired by Frances Perkins • 3 major parts • Old-age insurance for retirees 65+ and spouses • Unemployment compensation system • Aid to families with dependent children and the disabled • Provided substantial benefits to millions

  25. Social Security • Government began accepting responsibility for providing assistance to needy members of society • Old age insurance • Unemployment compensation • Aid to disabled and dependent children

  26. Utilities • 1935 = 12.6% of American farms had electricity • Rural Electrification Administration (REA) • Executive order • Bring electricity to isolated areas • 1945 = 48% of American farms and rural homes had electricity • 1949 = 90%

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