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DNA Mutations and Repair

DNA Mutations and Repair. Chapter 17 pp. 481-. Mutation Rates and Frequency. 1 to 10 mutations per million gametes. Incidence within a group For example: swine flu incidence in the U.S. Causes of Mutations. Spontaneous. Induced. Environmentally Induced DNA changes.

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DNA Mutations and Repair

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  1. DNA Mutations and Repair Chapter 17 pp. 481-

  2. Mutation Rates and Frequency 1 to 10 mutations per million gametes Incidence within a group For example: swine flu incidence in the U.S

  3. Causes of Mutations Spontaneous Induced

  4. Environmentally Induced DNA changes

  5. Intercalating agents • Insert and distort DNA

  6. Radiation (Techa River) Hiroshima (Aug. 6th, 1945)

  7. Thymine Dimers SOS

  8. Chemicals and Reactions Leading to Mutations

  9. alklyating Deamination Adds OH

  10. Oxidative radicals • Reactive forms of oxygen can lead to these radicals

  11. Detecting mutations with the AMES test

  12. THE AMES TEST Salmonella typimurium

  13. AMES TEST • Saccharin • Aflatoxin 2-aminofluorene

  14. Aflatoxin B1

  15. DNA Repair: general characteristics • Double stranded DNA • Redundancy of pathways

  16. Types of DNA repair • Mismatch repair • Direct Repair • Base-Excision Repair • Nucleotide Excision Repair

  17. Mismatch repair • Mut H • Recognize GATC hemi-methylation • Mut S • Mut L

  18. A closer look at mismatch repair

  19. DIRECT REVERSAL REPAIR Direct Repair

  20. BASE EXCISION REPAIR

  21. BASE EXCISION REPAIR

  22. Nucleotide Excision Repair

  23. Diseases of DNA repair!

  24. Xeroderma pigmentosum Autosomal recessive

  25. Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colon Cancer • HNPCC • 15% of all colon cancers

  26. Li-Fraumeni • P-53 mutation

  27. The End

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