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Early Earth

Early Earth. …early bombardment…. …earliest phase of Earth heating…. …thin atmosphere of H, CO 2 , H 2 O, N 2 , CO, NH 3 , CH 4. …first seas…. Early Bombardment 2 phases?. Relative dating. Earth Developed a Magma Sea 4.5-4.0 billion years ago.

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Early Earth

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  1. Early Earth …early bombardment… …earliest phase of Earth heating… …thin atmosphere of H, CO2, H2O, N2, CO, NH3, CH4 …first seas…

  2. Early Bombardment2 phases? Relative dating

  3. Earth Developed a Magma Sea 4.5-4.0 billion years ago • Early Earth began to heat as the last extraterrestrial collisions subsided • Rock is a good insulator – stores heat • Collisions produced heat that was stored • Radioactivity • Gravitational contraction What is the physical consequence of melting a ball of rock with many different types of elements and compounds?

  4. Temperature reached melting point • of iron: • Liquid iron flowed inward • Friction raised temperature • Less dense compounds flowed • outward (SiO2 and others) • “Iron Catastrophe” • Planet became chemically • differentiated

  5. Fe/Ni Increasing Fe toward core Fe/Mg Increasing Si toward surface There are certain trends in Earths chemistry. The crust is relatively depleted in Fe, Mg and enriched in Si, O

  6. Effect of chemical differentiation There are certain trends in Earths chemistry. The crust is relatively depleted in Fe, Mg and enriched in Si, O

  7. Earth’s magnetic field emanates from the core complex and surrounds the planet. Magnetism gained from early nebula is magnified by turbulent iron, nickel fluid of outer core. Magnetic field envelops entire planet Polarity +- tends to reverse and fluctuate with time

  8. Earth is probably not built ofuniform layers, it is likely mixed somewhat by convection

  9. MANTLE PLUMES warm rock rises, cool rock descends How will the lithosphere respond to a plume?

  10. The continental rifting process a q Kk

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