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Can We Raise Employment Prospects for Disadvantaged Men?

Can We Raise Employment Prospects for Disadvantaged Men?. Harry J. Holzer Georgetown, AIR and Brookings April 2015. Outline. Disadvantaged Men Since 2000: Changes in the Economic/Policy Environment Knowing the Numbers and the Barriers What Have We Learned from Program and Policy Evaluation?

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Can We Raise Employment Prospects for Disadvantaged Men?

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  1. Can We Raise Employment Prospects for Disadvantaged Men? Harry J. Holzer Georgetown, AIR and Brookings April 2015

  2. Outline • Disadvantaged Men Since 2000: Changes in the Economic/Policy Environment • Knowing the Numbers and the Barriers • What Have We Learned from Program and Policy Evaluation? • Have Positive Changes Occurred in Federal or State Policy? • Going Forward

  3. Changes in the Environment Since 2000 • Around the Year 2000: “Discovery” of Offender/Reentry, NCP, and Disconnected Youth Populations by Workforce and Policy Communities • Since 2000: 1) Much Weaker Job Market! 2) More Offenders/NCPs 3) A Lot of Research/Policy Work

  4. What are the Numbers? • 1/3 of all black men incarcerated by age 35 • 2/3 of all black male HS dropouts incarcerated by age 35 • Incarcerated population: Over 2 million + Parole/Probation • NCPs: Over Half of All Black Fathers, About 70% of the Incarcerated • Disconnected Youth: 1 out of 6? • Declining Male Labor Force Participation..

  5. What are the Barriers? Research: Cancian, Heinrich, Meyer, Pate, Garfinkle; Pager, Western, Raphael and Stoll; Mincy; Edelman/Holzer/Offner/Sorensen At-Risk/Disconnected Youth: Poor Skills and Schooling – Dropouts, Grads Weak Work Experience/Attachment

  6. Barriers (Cont’d) Ex-Offenders: Further Demand/Supply Problems Federal and State Laws Employer Attitudes Background Checks (Mixed Effects) Less Work Experience, More Disconnection NCPs: Further Supply-Side Problems Orders and Arrears: Taxes on Earnings Distribution to State and Others

  7. Program/Policy Evaluation Difficult Populations….But Some Promising and Proven Results Disconnected Youth (Wimer and Bloom): • Prevention: SEL, Big Brother/Big Sister; Talent Development, Career Academies, Small Schools of Choice; ASAP/PUMA, Becoming a Man, Sectoral Training…Mentoring, Summer Jobs+CBT+Skills/Incentives; CTE or Work-Based Learning; CC Reforms and Incentives, Coaching and Informing • Reconnection: Job Corps, ChalleNGe, Jobs Plus, LaGuardia Bridge…

  8. Program/Policy Evaluation (Contd). Offenders/NCPs: • Transitional Jobs • NCP Choices (TX), Strong Fathers Initiative (NY) • EITC Many Others…Under Evaluation or Should Be Broader Questions: • For Whom? Very Different Characteristics…Harder to make progress with the THE or NCP/Offenders • How to Replicate and Scale the Successes?

  9. Federal/State Policy: Positive Changes Obama Administration - Rule-Making on: • Default Orders and Arrears Adjustment • Treating Incarceration as “Voluntary Unemp.” • Distribution of Funds to Families! • Employment Services Many States have Moved In These Directions…Growing Consensus

  10. Going Forward • On the Down Side: Federal political and fiscal environments – Little Legislative Change • On the Up Side: New Conservative Politics on Incarceration, Consensus on Issues Surrounding Fathers • Possibilities: A New Grand Bargain on Employment, Marriage/Contraception, Fatherhood? • No Reason to Give Up Hope!

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