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Roadmapping Exoplanet Science: Strategies for Future Observations and Discoveries

This document outlines a comprehensive roadmap for advancing exoplanet research, emphasizing the integration of mono-pupil and multi-aperture spacecraft. It discusses the challenges of continuous monitoring and the need for innovative observational techniques including coronagraphs and nulling interferometers. The paper reviews past initiatives such as TOPS and ExNPS, and highlights future steps towards characterizing exoplanet atmospheres. A coordinated global effort is essential to overcome existing limitations and achieve breakthroughs in detecting molecular signatures on exoplanets.

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Roadmapping Exoplanet Science: Strategies for Future Observations and Discoveries

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  1. BDT 17 Nov 08 On Roadmapping

  2. BDT 17 Nov 08 Roadmapping... ExoPAG ExoplForum08 EP-RAT Astronet Decadal Survey ESO/ESA ESF/Graz ExoPTF TOPS CNES Canada Australia ExNEPs

  3. BDT 17 Nov 08 Implementation Mono (-pupil -spacecraft) / Multi (-aperture -spacecraft) After RV, transits, continue step by step approach: 1993-4: TOPS (NASA) 1996: ExNPS (NASA) 1997: ESO WG on Exoplanets Origins Roadmap (NASA) 2005: Cosmic Vision (ESA) ESA-ESO Report on Exopl. 2007: ExoPTF (NASA/NSF) 2008: JPL « Community Report » ASTRONET 2009: EPRAT (ESA) EXOPAG (NASA) Decadal Survey (US Acad Sci) ... ad vitam aeternam ? 51 Peg -->HARPS • Mono pupil and spacecraft • + coronagraph • ELTs. Problems: • - share with cosmology, RV, etc . • - not possible of continuous monitoring • ==> only few snapshot spectra • 1.5 – 2 m dedicated space telescope HD 209458 transit CoRoT launch Multi spacecraft • Multi-aperture • Nulling interferometer • Hypertelescope + coronagraph • Mono -pupil • External occulter • Fresnel array

  4. BDT 17 Nov 08 Mono (-pupil -spacecraft) / Multi (-aperture -spacecraft) After RV, transits, continue step by step approach: • 1st step: Mono pupil and spacecraft • + coronagraph • ELTs. Problems: • - share with cosmology, RV, etc . • - not possible of continuous monitoring • ==> only few snapshot spectra • 1.5 – 2 m dedicated space telescope Action! 2nd step: Multi spacecraft • Multi-aperture • Nulling interferometer • Hypertelescope + coronagraph • Mono -pupil • External occulter • Fresnel array

  5. BDT 17 Nov 08 Mono (-pupil -spacecraft) / Multi (-aperture -spacecraft) After RV, transits, continue step by step approach: 1st detections: done Stats: done (RV) Radius: 1% of planets (trans.) « Adresses »: underway (RV) Next: Molecules! • 1st step: Mono pupil and spacecraft • + coronagraph • ELTs. Problems: • - share with cosmology, RV, etc . • - not possible of continuous monitoring • ==> only few snapshot spectra • 1.5 – 2 m dedicated space telescope 2nd step: Multi spacecraft • Multi-aperture • Nulling interferometer • Hypertelescope + coronagraph • Mono -pupil • External occulter • Fresnel array

  6. BDT 17 Nov 08 Mono (-pupil -spacecraft) / Multi (-aperture -spacecraft) After RV, transits, continue step by step approach: 1st detections: done Stats: done (RV) Radius: 1% of planets (trans.) « Adresses »: underway (RV) Next: Molecules! • 1st step: Mono pupil and spacecraft • + coronagraph • ELTs. Problems: • - share with cosmology, RV, etc . • - not possible of continuous monitoring • ==> only few snapshot spectra • 1.5 – 2 m dedicated space telescope 2nd step: Multi spacecraft • Multi-aperture • Nulling interferometer • Hypertelescope + coronagraph • Mono -pupil • External occulter • Fresnel array

  7. BDT 17 Nov 08 Implementation: a plan we can believe in Mono(-pupil -spacecraft) / Multi(-aperture -spacecraft) After RV, transits, continue step by step approach: • Mono pupil + coronagraph • ELTs. Problems: • - share with cosmology, RV, etc . • - not possible of continuous monitoring • ==> only few snapshot spectra • 1.5 – 2 m dedicated space telescope Multi spacecraft Mono -pupil - External occulter - Fresnel array Multi-aperture - Nulling interferometer - Hypertelescope + coronagraph

  8. BDT 17 Nov 08 Towards Molecules - Implementation: a plan we can believe in Mono(-pupil -spacecraft) / Multi(-aperture -spacecraft) After RV, transits, continue step by step approach: • Mono pupil + coronagraph VIS • ELTs. Problems: • - share with cosmology, RV, etc . • - not possible of continuous monitoring • ==> only few snapshot spectra • 1.5 – 2 m dedicated space telescope Precursor: SPICA Multi spacecraft Mono -pupil - External occulter - Fresnel array Multi-aperture - Nulling interferometer - Hypertelescope + coronagraph

  9. Towards Molecules - Implementation: a plan we can believe in Mono(-pupil -spacecraft)/ Multi(-aperture -spacecraft) After RV, transits, continue step by step approach: • Mono pupil + coronagraph VIS • ELTs. Problems: • - share with cosmology, RV, etc . • - not possible of continuous monitoring • ==> only few snapshot spectra • 1.5 – 2 m dedicated space telescope Large (4+ m) monopupil corono. World-wide coordination needed Multi spacecraft Mono -pupil - External occulter - Fresnel array Multi-aperture - Nulling interferometer - Hypertelescope + coronagraph VIS/IR > 30 S/C VIS UV 2 S/C IR 4-5 S/C

  10. BDT 17 Nov 08 About Theory Observation is leading theory It is not sufficient to « passively » take spectra of atmopheres. It is also important to decipher them, i.e. extract a planet model. Full deciphering codes still to be built

  11. BDT 17 Nov 08 Conclusion for BDT Rapidly technology plan for first step (« Mono »). No more hesitation Sketch of further steps, with no precise roadmapping nor decision yet. Just prepare generic technologies for all kind of free-flyers Methodology: Only a direct open debate between proposers and BDT, EPRAT can clarify scientific and instrumental issues of different approaches

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