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Chapter 3

Chapter 3. Solid Matter in Motion. Moving Matter. Physics is the study of the properties, changes, and interactions of matter and energy in the physical universe. Simply put: Physics is the study of matter and energy! The universe follows str ict laws.

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Chapter 3

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  1. Chapter 3 Solid Matter in Motion

  2. Moving Matter • Physics is the study of the properties, changes, and interactions of matter and energy in the physical universe. • Simply put: Physics is the study of matter and energy! • The universe follows strict laws. • Physics studies and helps us understand those laws.

  3. Moving Matter • Matter is anything in the universe that occupies space! • That is, it has substance, and cannot be created or destroyed!

  4. Characteristics of Solid Matter • Matter has three basic forms: • Solid – definite size and shape • Liquid – assumes shape of environment • Gas – no definite shape or volume

  5. Characteristics of Solid Matter • The basic unit of a substance is the atom. • Most substances are made up of atoms linked together in groups called molecules. • These tiny groups “stick together”.

  6. Characteristics of Solid Matter • The attraction that allows molecules of the same type to stick together is called cohesion. • Molecules of a different type stick together through adhesion.

  7. Occupied Space • Volume is the amount of space a substance occupies! • You only need to know 3 dimensions: • Length (l) • Width (w) • Height (h)

  8. Occupied Space • Because three dimensions are involved, the answer is in cubic units. • For example: one cubic inch is the volume of a small box 1 inch x 1 inch x 1 inch.

  9. Occupied Space • The volume of an irregular shaped object can be found by immersing it in water. • The volume of water displaced is the volume of the object!

  10. Mass vs. Weight • Every object has mass. • Mass is the quantity of matter or the amount of material in an object! • Every object in the universe is made of matter, but not all objects have the same amount of matter (mass).

  11. Mass vs. Weight • Weight is the pull of gravity on a mass (any object.) • So weight is a measurement of the pull of gravity! • Note: Equal masses have equal weights at if they in the same location!!

  12. Mass vs. Weight • So…. What has more mass? A pound of feathers? A pound of gold bricks? Answer: They have equal masses if at the same location!!!!!

  13. Mass vs. Weight • So…Where does weight change? • Weight changes anywhere gravity changes. • An object will have a different weight on the moon than it does on the earth?

  14. Mass vs. Weight • So….Where does mass change? • Trick question!!!! • It doesn’t change!!!!! • Mass is unaffected by changes in gravity!!!

  15. The unit of mass is the kilogram. • The mass of an object, like these one kilogram bananas, never changes, no matter where in the solar system they are!!!!

  16. Density • “Light” or “heavy”? We are describing weight. • “Large” or “small”? We are describing volume. • When we compare mass to the volume, we are describing Density!!!

  17. Density Equation for calculating density:

  18. Measuring Motion • Position is the location of an object. • Motion involves a change in position. • Distance tells us how far the position has changed. • Distance may not be how far an object actually moved, it may be just the displacement… • In other words, where was the object compared to where it is now.

  19. Measuring Motion • Speed: The distance covered by a moving object in a unit of time.

  20. Measuring Motion • Velocity is the same thing as speed except that is tells us not only how fast an object is moving, but also the direction of the motion of the object.

  21. Accelerated Motion • Some objects have movement where the motion does not change – In this case, it is said to have Uniform Motion. • When an object changes its motion, it has accelerated motion. • Acceleration is the change in velocity over a period of time.

  22. Accelerated Motion • Any change in direction or any change in speed is considered acceleration!

  23. Types of Acceleration • Acceleration due to gravity: • Objects are being PULLED on by gravity. • They are accelerating toward the center of the earth. • All objects accelerate toward the earth at the same rate - 9.8m/s2

  24. Accelerated Motion • If there was no air, all objects dropped from the same height would land at the same moment! • What?!!! • It is True!!!

  25. Acceleration Due to Gravity NO AIR RESISTENCE!!!

  26. Acceleration Due to Gravity! With Air!!!

  27. Accelerated Motion • If an object slows down, it has a negative acceleration and so it is decelerating!

  28. The End!!!!

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