BUILDING ON A TRADITION OF EXCELLENCE

1. BUILDING ON A TRADITION OF EXCELLENCE CHAPER TWO

2. Learning from the pastProgress ~ Spurts ~ Setbacks…What does this painting tell you about children?

3. Changing Views of Childhood • Miniature Adults • Need of Redemption • Blank Slates – John Locke • Innocents - Rousseau • Economic Value • Competent Child • Citizen with Rights • Product of your own History

4. European Influences Current practice strongly reflects early influences John Amos Comenisu ~ Johann Pestolozzi ~ Friedrich Froebel ~ Maria Montessori

5. John Amos Comenius • Czech 1592-1670; Minister with his own school • Three Key Ideas • Change from punitive to making learning easier, deeper and more pleasant • Teacher engage children with nature; follow the child • Children should learn their own language, not Latin • Orbis Pictus – first children’s picture book • Learn through senses; need to be active; developmental stages; child-centered

6. Kindergarten Movement

7. Kindergartens ~ Children’s Garden • First K – Wisconsin 1856 – Margarethe Schurz • Elizabeth Peabody- social reformer…first English speaking K • Susan Blow – expanded K and kept Froebels vision • First public Kindergarten • Defended Froebel’s ideas • Formed the International Kindergarten Union – became Association for Childhood Education International

8. Progressive Education John Dewey

9. Nursery School Movement Based on the philosophy of studying and nurturing children’s development Patti Smith Hill ~ Caroline Pratt ~ Lucy Sprague Mitchell

10. Child Care Movement McMillan Sisters ~ WPA ~ Lanham Act

11. Child Care: A different path Kindergarten & Preschool Child Care Movement Child study; Middle class children-choice; Education and development focus; $$ State monies Social welfare effort for poor families; Need to support working parents Focus on physical care of children initially $$ Federal child care funding – connected to public policy

12. Key People & Events • Key People: McMillan Sisters • Works Progress Administration (WPA) 1930s • High unemployment rate (25%) • WPA nurseries – opened 9-5; provided jobs and supported families seeking work; rapid growth=often untrained staff • Lanham Act – World War II massive workshift • Work-site child care 10-12 hours per day • Kaiser Shipbuilding – 24 hour nursery school – all year long • Comprehensive services: Health services; nutritious meals for children/mothers; parent education; play-based experiences; teacher training

13. African American Leaders

14. Equal Rights ~ Equal Education? • 1954 Brown vs Brown – desegregated schools • Education = Advancement • HBCU operated Teacher Education programs and lab schools • Parralled current trends and influences in ECE • Major players in the development of ECE profession • Evangeline Ward – NAEYC Code of Ethics and Child Development Associate (CDA) credentialing • Foundation for a National Movement – Head Start

15. Head Start http://www.nhsa.org/

16. Bringing the Stories Together • 1960s Civil Rights movement – President Lyndon Johnson War on Poverty • Represents the coming together of Nursery School movement and Child Care movement • Based on lesson learned from early child care history!

17. Head Start: Key Components • Comprehensive Program • Serve the whole child; Multidisciplinary • 10% children with disabilities; early intervention • Educational Program • Bank Street model; Developmentally Appropriate Practice • Improvement of teacher quality & compensation • Parent Involvement Program • Involved in classroom; involved in decision making • Parents as teachers; increased professional development • National Laboratory • Research; development of curriculum; teacher training models • Locally administered and controlled • Integrity and consistency – HS Performance Standards

18. Lessons Learned • Common Themes • Fundamental questions continue… • Many ideas revisited… • Emerging differences…. • INTENTIONAL teaching • Development more than unfolding…INTERACTIVE • FLEXIBILITY in Standards and approaches • We are still changing!