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Understanding Resource Issues: Conservation, Pollution, and Sustainability

This chapter explores the critical issues surrounding resource depletion, pollution, and conservation. It highlights how humans interact with the environment differently than animals and addresses the two main causes of resource mismanagement: depleting finite resources and pollution. It delves into the disparities between more developed countries (MDCs) and less developed countries (LDCs) regarding energy consumption and resource distribution. Additionally, it discusses renewable and non-renewable energy sources, pollution impacts on air, water, and land, and the importance of sustainable practices in resource management.

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Understanding Resource Issues: Conservation, Pollution, and Sustainability

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  1. Chapter 14 Resource Issues

  2. What is a Resource? Animals live in harmony with the environment, humans do not. How come? • Two major misuses of resources: • Depleting scarce resources • Destroy resources through pollution

  3. Why are Resources Being Depleted? • WHY ARE RESOURCES BEING DEPLETED • Energy resources • MDCs vs. LDCs • Animate power vs. Inanimate power • Biomass fuel • Fossil Fuel • Fossil fuels are fininte • Fossil fuels are distributed unevenly

  4. Why are Resources Being Depleted? • Finiteness of Fossil Fuels • Renewable vs. Nonrenewable energy • Remaining Supply of Fossil Fuel • Proven reserves • Potential reserve • Expanding Production • Coal mining • Oil shale

  5. Why are Resources Being Depleted? • Uneven Distribution of Fossil Fuels • Location of Reserves • Where’s the coal? • Where’s the oil? • Consumption of Fossil Fuels • LDCs vs. MDCs

  6. Why are Resources Being Depleted? • Control of World Petroleum • OPEC • Politics and OPEC • Changing Supply and Demand • Making Cars • Dwindling reserves

  7. Why are Resources Being Depleted? • Nonrenewable Substitutes for Petroleum • Natural Gas • Coal

  8. Why are Resources Being Depleted? • Nonrenewable Substitutes for Petroleum • Nuclear Energy • Potential accidents from Nuclear • Fission • Radio active waste from Nuclear • Bomb Material from Nuclear • Limited Uranium Reserves • High Cost of Nuclear Power

  9. Why are Resources Being Depleted? • MINERAL RESOURCES • 92 natural elements on Earth • Only 8 are on the Earth’s crust • Metallic or Nonmetallic Minerals

  10. Why are Resources Being Depleted? • Nonmetallic minerals • Phosphorus • Potassium • Calcium • Sulfur

  11. Why are Resources Being Depleted? • Metallic Minerals • Ferrous Metals • Iron • Manganese • Chromium • Titanium • Magnesium • Molybdenum

  12. Why are Resources Being Depleted? • Alloying elements • Nickel • Tin • Tungsten

  13. Why are Resources Being Depleted? • Nonferrous Metals • Aluminum • Copper • Lead • Zinc • Precious metals • Silver • Gold • Platinum

  14. Why are Resources Being Polluted? • AIR POLLUTION • Pollution • Global-scale Air Pollution • Global Warming • Greenhouse Effect • Global-Scale Ozone Damage • Ozone • Chlorofluorocarbons • Freon

  15. Why are Resources Being Polluted? • Regional-scale Air Pollution • Acid deposition • Acid precipitation (AKA acid rain) • Doesn’t fall where it is produced • Life expectancy

  16. Why are Resources Being Polluted? • Local-scale Air Pollution • Carbon Monoxide • Hydrocarbons • Photochemical smog • Particulates

  17. Why are Resources Being Polluted? • WATER POLLUTION • Water Pollution Sources • Let it be someone else’s problem • Water-using industries • Municipal sewage • Agriculture

  18. Why are Resources Being Polluted? • Impact on Aquatic Life • Biochemical Oxygen Demand • Water Temp • Wastewater and Disease • Less wastewater in LDCs and MDCs

  19. Why are Resources Being Polluted? • LAND POLLUTION • Solid Waste Disposal • Sanitary Landfill • Incineration • Burning trash • Centralia, Pennsylvania • Hazardous Waste • Love Canal, New York

  20. Why are Resources Reusable? • RENEWING RESOURCES • Leading Renewable Energy Sources • Biomass • Hydroelectric Power • Wind Power • Geothermal Energy • Nuclear Fusion

  21. Why are Resources Reusable? • Solar Energy • Passive Solar Energy • The sun’s energy is free and limitless • Capture the sun’s energy without special devices • Glass technologies • Active Solar Energy • Photovoltaic cells • Heat to electricity

  22. Why are Resources Reusable? • Uses for Renewable Energy • Electricity • LDCs have more need of Photovoltaic cells • Motor Vehicles • More MDCs are using electric vehicles • How come people are slow to change to electric cars?

  23. Why are Resources Reusable? • RECYCLING RESOURCES • Recycling has increased each decade since the 1970s • Recycling Collection • Pick-up and Processing • Curbside, drop-off, buy-back, deposit • Manufacturing • Paper, plastic, glass, aluminum

  24. Why are Resources Reusable? • Other Pollution by Reduction Strategies • Reducing discharges • Take out the pollutants • Increasing Environmental Capacity • Where and when the discharge of pollutants occurs matters • A Coking Plant: Using all Reduction Strategies • Comparing Pollution Reduction Strategies

  25. Why can Resources be Conserved? • SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT • Conservation • Preservation • Sustainability and Economic Growth • 1987 Brundtland Report • China: 16 of 20 most polluted cities • Sustainability's Critics • WWF (World Wildlife Fund) • Reduce the gap between MDCs and LDCs

  26. Why can Resources be Conserved? • BIODIVERSITY • Biological and Geographic Biodiversity • Genetic diversity • Human’s have not discovered all the Earth’s species • Land convervation • Biodiversity in the Tropics • Destruction of the Rain Forest • For money in a LDC

  27. The End

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