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Water Quality and Water Pollution David Osterberg

Water Quality and Water Pollution David Osterberg College of Public Health, University of Iowa Mary Skopec Iowa Department of Natural Resources. World Health Organization. Cyanobacterial Toxins

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Water Quality and Water Pollution David Osterberg

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  1. Water Quality and Water Pollution David Osterberg College of Public Health, University of Iowa Mary Skopec Iowa Department of Natural Resources

  2. World Health Organization • Cyanobacterial Toxins • Cyanobacteria or blue-green algae occur worldwide especially in calm, nutrient-rich waters. • Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect animals and humans. People may be exposed to cyanobacterial toxins by drinking, bathing in, or inhaling contaminated water.

  3. Slide by Hans Paerl, UNC – Chapel Hill

  4. Toledo Ohio water intake surrounded by algae Aug 3, 20142.5 miles from shore of Lake Erie

  5. Washington PostThe toxin that shut off Toledo’s water? The feds don’t make you test for it. August 11, 2014 • There are no national standards for algal cyanotoxinsin drinking water. U.S. utilities don’t need to test for it. How widespread the toxin is in drinking water is a mystery. Monitoring is voluntary. …The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for years has discussed drafting rules to cover cyanotoxins but hasn’t acted. • And with these algal blooms predicted to worsen in Lake Erie and other lakes and reservoirs — thanks to a mix of global warming, invasive species and pollution — the issue is expected to pop up more often. Some believe Toledo could be a tipping point.

  6. Iowa Policy Project PaperHeffernan and Galluzzo - 2009

  7. Pond Scum—Looking Beneath the Surface of Iowa Waters

  8. Water Res. 2012 Apr 1;46(5):1372-93. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.11.052. Epub 2011 Nov 25.Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate: between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics.Reichwaldt ES1, Ghadouani A. This review …identifies mechanisms that influence … toxic cyanobacterial blooms. … Such changes in the rainfall patterns will lead to favourable conditions for cyanobacterial growth due to a greater nutrient input into waterbodies during heavy rainfall events, combined with potentially longer periods of high evaporation and stratification.

  9. Iowa Department of Natural ResourcesBeach Monitoring Advisories *Weekly Monitoring of 38 State Owned Beaches

  10. Exceedances of E. coli Bacteria Standard 39 Iowa Public Beaches

  11. What else does heavy rain bring?

  12. Percentage Changes in Median Annual Peak Streamflow: 1958-2007 Source: Flooding in the Midwest 2008, USGS Professional Paper 1775

  13. Advice from the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)http://www.deq.state.ne.us/Gen.nsf/Pages/Disaster-2 • Avoid any physical contact with the water. Floodwaters can have dangerous currents, and there are also hazards of pathogens in the water. If you have been in contact with floodwaters, avoid touching your mouth or eyes, and try to thoroughly wash off as quickly as possible. • Also, the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services advises that wells owners near flooded areas should take proactive measures to prevent private well contamination, and have their wells tested.

  14. Analysis of Monthly Waste Water ByPass information from Iowa DNR – April 2009 to October 2013 • Heavy rains and saturated conditions overwhelmed collection system and treatment plant • Summary data being sought

  15. Example – June 2014 Rainfall Related Wastewater By-Passes

  16. Monthly Precipitation Totals June 2014

  17. Wastewater By-Passes During Period June 17 – 20, 2014 • Field Office #1 (Northeast Iowa) • Marion • Watkins - possible • Sumner • West Union • Denver • Dubuque • Cedar Falls • Belle Plain • Lisbon • Wyoming • La Port City • Field Office 5 (Central Iowa) • Grimes • LeGrand • Montezuma • Montour • Kellogg • McCallsburg • Melcher-Dallas • Melbourne • Newton • Brooklyn • Monroe • Oskaloosa • Tama • Winterset • Bondurant • Pella • Field Office 6 (Southeast Iowa) • City of Riverside • North English • West Liberty • Fairfield • Davenport • Winfield • Ainsworth • Buffalo

  18. Field Office 2 (North Central Iowa) • Fort Dodge (250,000 gallons/day) • Field Office 3 (Northwest Iowa) • Lake Park* • Sheldon • Iowa Great Lakes* • Melvin * • Cherokee * • Pocahontas • Hartley* • Lytton* • Lester • Sioux Center* • Sutherland* • Aurelia* • Holstein * • Alta * • Lost Island S. Dist. (Ruthven) • *from lift station and/or manhole • Albert City • George * • Orange City * • Laurens • Hornick* • Storm Lake* • Emmetsburg • Spencer (CSOs) • Marcus * • Everly* • Correctionville*  • Fonda*  • Royal *      • Archer* • Hull* • Inwood* • Peterson* • Coulter • Latimer/Coulter* • Britt* • Blairsburg* • Algona • Williams* • SweaCity* • Hampton • Rutland* • Eagle Grove • Humboldt • Burt • *from lift station and/or manhole • Lake Mills • Wellsburg • Forest City • Dike • Belmond • Dakota City • Eagle Grove • Iowa Falls • Grundy Center • Fertile • Thornton • Meservey

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