Rise and Fall of the Safavid Empire: A Historical Overview

1. Chapter 18 Section 2 • Kizilbash

2. The Rise of the Safavids • Safavids • _______________ • Safavid Empire • is the country of _________ • Persians • Think _____ • Think _____

3. Islam • Belong to the ______ branch of Islam • ___________________ of Islam. • They represent the branch of Islam that accepted the caliphate of Abu Bakr due to him being chosen by Shurah. • Sunnis believe that the first four caliphs were the rightful successors to Muhammad; • __________________________________________________________ • Saddam Hussein • 1399, shifted from Sunni to the __________________ • Shia's assert the right of Ali ibn Abi Talib (Muhammad's cousin and husband of Fatimah) as successor to Muhammad, • Persecuted by the ________

4. The Rise of the Safavids • Safavids • 1400’s developed a military group to fight for political power. • This army was called the _______ • Meaning “_________” for the hats they wore. • INTERESTING FACTS • would go into battle without armor, confident that no harm would befall them • coalition of many different peoples • united in their belief in the Safavid doctrine of Shiism (Shi’ah sect).

5. The Rise of the Safavids • Persians _____ or _______ many Safavids • The Persians are an Iranianethnic group who speak the Persian language and share a common culture and history. • One of the youngest, ______escaped into hiding • 1500 became head of the kizilbash • In a series of victories, brought all of modern • Iran • And present-day Iraq • Under the Safavid Empire • under his rule

6. The Rise of the Safavids • Esma’il’s religious policy • Took the ancient Persain title of ________ • _________________ • Proclaimed that ______________would be the religion of the Safavid Empire. • Most Persians were _______ • Esma’il forced them to convert to Shi’ah • Esma’il was considered a saint as well as shah, which helped in the process of conversion • Converting to Shi’ah made Persians identity distinct from neighboring countries • Sunni • Turks and • Arabs • This __________________ still continues in modern Iran.

7. The Rise of the Safavids • Esma’il • Support of Shi’ah threatened Persia’s neighbors • _________ (who were Sunni’s) invaded northwestern Persia • Defeated the Safavids at the Battle of Caldiran • The struggle continued through the mid-1500’s • Tahmasp • Esma’il’s son continued the fight when he died • Safahids lost territory to both the Ottomans and Uzbeks. • The Uzbeks (Self designation sg. O‘zbek, pl. O‘zbeklar) are a Turkic people of Central Asia.

8. Shah ‘Abbas the Great • When Tahmasp died in 1576 the Safavid Empire was ________ • The ________ were no longer loyal to the shah • Struggles between the Ottomans and Uzbeks were ________ • Uzbeks= Turkic people of Central Asia.

9. Shah ‘Abbas the Great • In 1587, __________ became shah • Military Reforms • __________________________ • Used the Ottoman army as a model • ________________________

10. Shah ‘Abbas the Great • _________ was now ready to take on the Ottomans and Uzbeks • 1598 defeated the Uzbeks and regained control of northeastern Persia • After only a few years Abbas ________________________

11. The height of the empire • 1599 • Abbas moved the Safavid capital to _________ • Became the most beautiful cities in the world • Esfahan • Wide streets and a huge central square • Splendid mosques and monuments • mosque is a place of worship for followers of the islamic faith. • Public baths and open markets • Center was an enormous rectangular park • Polo games • Arcade of shops • Large inns • Esfahan became known as the political, spiritual and commercial center of the first order.

12. The height of the empire • Abba’s reign was a time for economic development • ______________________________ • Carpet weaving became a major industry • Persian rugs began to appear in the homes of wealthy Europeans • Produced beautiful tiles and ceramics • Abbas died in 1629 • The empire began to decline and ended by ______ • The empire was split into a number of small states