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The Short Story

MS Teacher. The Short Story. Plot. A series of related events that make up a story. Plot structure. Exposition= The beginning. Meet the main characters Protagonist- main character Setting- time and place; when and where Basic Situation Details should set the scene.

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The Short Story

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  1. MS Teacher The Short Story

  2. Plot • A series of related events that make up a story.

  3. Plot structure

  4. Exposition= The beginning • Meet the main characters • Protagonist- main character • Setting- time and place; when and where • Basic Situation • Details should set the scene

  5. Point of view-who gets to tell the story • 1st person point of view “I” • 3rd person point of view limited • Ex. Jonas felt scared • 3rd person point of view omniscient (God-like) • 2nd person “you” point of view.

  6. The character opposing the protagonist Protagonist Antagonist • The main Character

  7. Static Character Dynamic Character • Stays the same • Makes changes during the story

  8. Stereotype • A fixed idea about a type of person. • Ex. • Librarian • Cheerleader • Athlete

  9. Characterization-the way an author reveals a character. • Direct/subjective • The author tells the reader. • Ex. Billy Weaver was 17. • Indirect/ objective The reader decides what a character is like by judging actions, appearance , dialogue

  10. Character- a person’s essential qualities. • The Landlady? Billy Weaver? Charlie? Narrator in The Tell-Tale Heart.

  11. Objective vs. subjective writing • Objective – unbiased- • The reader decides what the character is like by judging what a characters says , looks like, acts… • Bob uses tissues to the open door. • Subjective-biased- The author tells you. • Ex. Billy is 17.

  12. Setting-When and Where • Time and Place • Setting reveals character • Related to mood • Contributes to the emotional effect.

  13. Atmosphere/Mood- related to setting • The overall mood or feeling of a work of literature. • Scary, happy, sad, nostalgic, creepy, funny

  14. Rising Action The protagonist meets the antagonist Conflict, struggle, or problems keep the protagonist from his/her goal.

  15. Conflict/complications • A struggle between opposing characters or opposing forces • Can be internal or external

  16. Man vs. • Man vs. man (external) • Man vs. self (internal) • Man vs. society (external) • Man vs. technology (external) • Man vs. nature (external)

  17. Suspense • The uncertainty or anxiety that a reader feels about what will happen next in a story.

  18. Climax • The turning point of the story • Some see this as the most exciting, greatest suspense, or interest, but this is not true in many stories.

  19. Resolution • Conflict should be resolved by the end of the story

  20. Theme • A general idea or insight about life that a work of literature reveals. • This cannot be just one word. • childhood is… • Marriage is… • Death is

  21. Tone • The attitude a writer takes toward his or her subject, characters, or audience.

  22. Tone/Attitude • Indifferent • Depressed • Silly • Whimsical • Serious • Cynical

  23. Subplot • A minor plot that relates in some way to the main story. • Example: The movie Grease has Danny and Sandy as the main plot; the subplot has Rizzo and Kenickie. • Christopher M. disappears….

  24. Foreshadowing • A hint as to what is to come. Example: A gun in seen in a drawer will be used by the end of the movie.

  25. Point of view • 1st person point of view is the “I” p.o.v. • Often it is intimate, but unreliable

  26. 3rd person limited • Example Billy Weaver in “The Landlady” • We only get into Billy’s head. • Billy thought…

  27. 3rd person omniscient. • God like point of view. • The reader can hear form multiple characters. • Often seen as the “fly on the wall” p.o.v.

  28. Theme- the insight into life • Must be written in a complete sentence • It reveals the author’s view of life. • To determine the theme: look at the title, the big moments, the resolution, and ask, “How has the protagonist changed?”

  29. Tone= Attitude • What is the author’s attitude towards Billy Weaver? • Towards the Landlady?

  30. Speaker = Narrator • The Tell-Tale Heart has an unreliable narrator.

  31. Figures of speech • Make connections • The heartbeat is like a constant reminder of his guilt. • The heartbeat is guilt. • I feel so guilty I could die.

  32. Figures of speech: simile, metaphor, personification, idiom, hyperbole • Expressions that are not literally true • Example simile vs. metaphor • He is a pig. (metaphor) • He eats like a pig. (simile)

  33. Idiom-Figure of speech • An expression that is not literally true. • It is often difficult to understand the meaning. • Ex. Head of heels in love. • She’s off her rocker. • Raining cats and dog. • Kicked the bucket.

  34. Personification • Personification- giving human traits to something not human. • Ex. the lights blinked. • The moon walked. • The stars danced.

  35. Hyperbole • An exaggeration • I could eat a horse. • It took 1,000 men to carry the coffin.

  36. Symbols-often connected to the story’s theme • Objects that stand for something more. • Ex. American eagle is a symbol of freedom. • $ is a symbol for money. • Public symbol-most understand • Heart beat in “The Tell-Tale Heart” may be a symbol of the narrator’s guilt.

  37. Motivation • The reason a character behaves a certain way.

  38. Poetry vs. Prose • Prose is regular, every day writing. • Poetry- concentrated writing!

  39. Imagery-pictures • Images/pictures- often helps reader imagine • Sensory language- Sight, hear, taste, smell, tough= will help create imagery. • Ex. the red barn (visual) • The whining cat (auditory/hear) • The salty ocean water (taste) • The sweet smell of chocolate chip cookies in the over • The rough feel of sandpaper

  40. allusion • An indirect reference • Ex. the garden of Eden- It’s like when Eve ate from the tree. • Jonas/Jonah • Gabriel-angel Gabriel/messenger

  41. Irony: verbal, situational, dramatic • Verbal: “I’m a lucky fellow” Billy Weaver • Situational: A caretaker kills the man he is suppose to care for. • Dramatic: the audience knows but someone does not. • Ex. Bones/body below the policeman’s chair.

  42. Dialogue vs. Dialect • Dialogue- conversation • Dialect- a regional way of speaking • Y’ all • I’se still climbin • Dude

  43. _Primary conflict in “The Landlady” • Man vs. self, man, nature, society, or technology?

  44. Flashback- going back in time • Anne Frank • Begins in 1945 but then flashbacks to 1942 when they are all alive.

  45. Figures of speech • A word or phrase that describes one thing in terms of another that is not meant to be understood literally • Ex. Hold your horses. • Ex. Poems hide. • Ex. He is a firecracker.

  46. Literal vs. Figurative Language

  47. Literal vs. Figurative • Literal= true • Non-fiction-true • Figurative- imaginary

  48. simile • A simile is a comparison of two unlike things using like or as.

  49. Simile • Like • As • Resembles • Than

  50. He has broom hair- metaphor (direct comparison)

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