The Age of Jackson

1. The Age of Jackson Chapter 10

2. Jacksonian Democracy • Section 1

3. Jacksonian Democracy • 1820’s – 1830’s • Expanding democracy • More suffrage in some states • Nominating Conventions – party members choose candidates instead of leaders

4. Election of 1828 • Democratic Party formed – Jackson - candidate • Rematch between Jackson and Adams

5. Campaign • Personality • Jackson – War hero • Adams – elite family

6. Jackson Wins • Spoils system: government jobs for political backers • Kitchen Cabinet: group of trusted advisers who met in the White House kitchen sometimes

7. Jackson’s Administration • Section 2

8. 3 Regions • Northerners: supported tariffs • South: low tariffs for imports, slavery • West: cheap land, better roads

9. Tariff of Abominations • What southerners called Jackson’s plan to raise tariffs • Helped Northerners • Sectional Divide

10. Nullification Crisis • John C. Calhoun • States’ Rights Doctrine: state power is greater than federal power. • States can nullify federal law. • Sets off a states rights debate

11. The Hayne – Webster Debate • Robert Hayne – South Carolina • Daniel Webster – Massachusetts • 1830 Fierce debates on the Senate Floor over states rights and the power of the national government

12. Jackson’s Response • Lowers tariffs • Concerned about the Southern Economy

13. South Carolina • Test State Rights • Nullification Act – declares 1832 tariffs null and void. • Jackson – says the law will be enforced even if he has to use the army • John C. Calhoun – makes compromise gradually lowering the tariffs and South Carolina would enforce them

14. Jackson Attacks the National Bank • Vetos bill extending the 2nd national banks charter • Congress could not override • Worried about inflation

15. Panic of 1837 • Severe economic depression • Martin Van Buren - President • Whig Party – favored weak president and strong congress • William Henry Harrison defeats Van Buren in 1940.

16. Indian Removal • Section 3

17. Indian Removal Act • 1830 • All Native American must move west of the Mississippi River. • Indian Territory: Oklahoma • Bureau of Indian Affairs: agency to manage the removal of the Indians

18. Cherokee Resistance • Cherokee’s adopt contemporary culture. • Model government after U.S. government • Sequoya: creates their own writing language • Worcester v. Georgia: supreme court ruled that the Cherokee were a unique nation and that the laws of Georgia had no force over them. Only the federal government had power over them

20. Georgia ignores the decision • Jackson does not enforce it • U.S. troops remove the Cherokees – Georgia takes there land, businesses, and property

22. Trail of Tears • Forced 800 mile march • Cherokees • Hunger • Disease • 1/4th died

24. Resistance • Black Hawk – leads the Fox and Sauk Indians resistance in Illinois – ran out of supplies forced to move in 1850. • Seminoles: Osceola leads resistance • Second Seminole War: Osceola captured dies, small number resist successfully and their descendents are still in Florida.