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Comprehensive Review of Phrases in English Grammar

This guide thoroughly covers various types of phrases in English grammar, focusing on prepositional, adjective, adverb, appositive, participial, and gerund phrases. It explains how each type functions within sentences, along with their modifiers and examples. Prepositional phrases specify the relationship between nouns, while adjective phrases modify nouns, and adverb phrases modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. Participles serve as adjectives, and gerunds act as nouns. This review is essential for mastering the complexities of English sentence structure.

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Comprehensive Review of Phrases in English Grammar

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  1. AP English Language Grammar Intensive Phrases Review

  2. A group of words beginning with a preposition and ending with a noun or pronoun • [at the post office] [to school] • The noun or pronoun that ends a prepositional phrase is called the object of the preposition • Don’t be misled by a modifier coming after the noun/pronoun Prepositional Phrases

  3. Prepositional phrases used as adjectives • Usually follows the word it modifies • More than one adjective phrase can modify the same noun/pronoun • Sometimes an adjective phrase can modify the object of a previous prep phrase • Some frogs produce a poison [from glands] [in their skin] Adjective Phrase

  4. Prepositional phrases used as an adverb to tell when, where, in what way (how), or to what extent. • Modifies a verb, adjective or adverb • May appear anywhere in sentences • More than one adverb phrase can modify the same word Adverb Phrase

  5. VERB: The book was written [in the 1800’s]. • ADJ: [In a short time], the book became popular. • ADV: Twain became famous early [in his career]. • [During his youth], Twain worked [as a newspaper writer]. Adverb Phrase - continued

  6. Appositive: a noun or pronoun placed beside another noun or pronoun to identify or explain it • Appositive phrase: an appositive and its modifiers • Your friend [Ramla] called after you left. • Jesse Sheng, [the vice president of the bank], sent me a card. Appositive Phrase

  7. A verb form that can be used as an adjective – present and past • Present: ends in –ing • Past: usually end in –ed or –d • The pacing lion made me nervous. • The hunted animal camouflaged itself. Participles

  8. A phrase containing a participle and any complements or modifiers it may have • [Removing his coat], Jack rushed to the river. • [Hesitating for a moment], he quickly grasped the situation. • High school graduates [replying to a college questionnaire about their courses] often mention freshman English as the course [giving them the most trouble]. Participial Phrases

  9. A verb form that is used as a noun • Ends in –ing • Gerund phrase consists of a gerund and all of the related words • Test: try replacing the gerund/phrase with “it” or “this”… if it works, it’s a gerund! • Studying always makes Trevor hungry. • My favorite pastime is sailing. • Ada made reading a top priority. • [Waiting on tables] is a good way to earn money in the summer. Gerunds and Gerund Phrases

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