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Bell Work 4/11/18

Bell Work 4/11/18. Explain the purpose of Freedom Summer. How did Malcom X and Stokley Carmichael differ from Martin Luther King Jr. Chapter 28. The Civil Rights Movement. Chapter 28/Section 1. Fighting Segregation. Standard 90, 92. Civil Rights before 1954. Columbia Race Riots

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Bell Work 4/11/18

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  1. Bell Work 4/11/18 • Explain the purpose of Freedom Summer. • How did Malcom X and Stokley Carmichael differ from Martin Luther King Jr.

  2. Chapter 28 The Civil Rights Movement

  3. Chapter 28/Section 1 Fighting Segregation

  4. Standard 90, 92 Civil Rights before 1954 • Columbia Race Riots • Took place in Tennessee on Feb. 25, 1946 when black military veterans were arrested and killed sparking a protest.

  5. Standard 90, 92 Civil Rights before 1954 Robinson • Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) • 1942 African American civil rights organization that played a pivotal role for Civil Rights. • Jackie Robinson- first African American to play Major League Baseball in 1947. Robinson Classic

  6. Standard 90, 92 Civil Rights before 1954 Marshall • Thurgood Marshall- first African American Supreme Court Justice in 1967 and help end segregation. • Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)- Separate but equal.

  7. Standard 89, 92 Brown v. Board of Education • Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas • Reversed Plessy v. Ferguson and declared segregation unconstitutional in 1954 Brown v. Board of Education

  8. Standard 91, 92 Little Rock Crisis • Governor Orval Faubus (1957)- Governor of Arkansas from 1955-1967 remembered for taking a stand against desegregation at Central High School. • Central High School-Site of forced desegregation in 1954 after the Brown v. Board of Education ruling. • Little Rock Nine- The African Americans forced to integrate into Little Rock Central High School. Little Rock Nine

  9. Standard 91, 92 Central High School • Clinton High School • One of the first high schools in Tennessee to be integrated in 1956, which led to explosions a year later. Little Rock Nine

  10. Standard 90, 92 Montgomery, Alabama Boycotts • Rosa Parks- activists for civil rights remembered for the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955. • Montgomery Bus Boycott- social and political protest against racial segregation on public transit (Dec. 1955). • Martin Luther King Jr.- minister and most important figure of the Civil Rights Movement known for nonviolent protests. • Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)- African American civil rights organization that fought for change through nonviolent protests.

  11. Chapter 28/Section 2 Freedom Now!

  12. Standard 90, 92 Sit-Ins Sit-ins • James Lawson/Diane Nash- Nashville civil rights activists known for efforts creating sit-ins and freedom rides. • Greensboro Sit-Ins (Woolsworth Store)- non-violent protests to challenge racial segregation in restaurants. • Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)- 1960 civil rights organization that started with sit-ins but became object of racial violence in the South.

  13. Standard 90, 92 Freedom Rides American the Story of Us: 33 • Freedom Riders- civil rights activists that rode to the segregated south in 1961 to challenge non-enforcement of segregation. • Washington D.C-New Orleans, Louisiana (May 4, 1961) • Anniston, Alabama (May 14)- firebombed and beaten • Birmingham, Alabama- Gov. Bull Connor ordered the beating of riders. Civil Rights

  14. Standard 90, 92 Integration • University of Georgia • Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes- first African Americans admitted into Georgia. • University of Mississippi • James Meredith (1962)- first African American enrolled in University of Mississippi, and activists for voting registration.

  15. Standard 90, 92 Albany, Georgia (1962) MLK Jr. • Martin Luther King Jr.- minister and most important figure of the Civil Rights Movement known for nonviolent protests. • Laurie Pritchett- Albany, Georgia chief of police who suppressed the civil rights movement by being non-violent. JFK

  16. Standard 90, 91, 92, 93 Birmingham, Alabama (1963) • Martin Luther King Jr. • “Letter from a Birmingham Jail”- MLK Jr.’s defense of nonviolence to racism. Argued people should break unjust laws. • Eugene “Bull” Connor- Alabama’s Commission of Public Safety who used the most violent techniques against civil rights activists.

  17. Standard 90, 92, 94 Civil Rights Act of 1964 • March on Washington (Aug. 28, 1963)- to advocate for civil and economic rights of African Americans and helped pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964. • “I Have a Dream” Speech- given by MLK Jr. in front of the Lincoln Memorial calling for the end of racism and defining moment of civil rights. • Civil Rights Act of 1964- outlaws discrimination based on race and prohibits unfair voting laws.

  18. Chapter 28/Section 3 Voting Rights

  19. Standard 94 Gaining Voting Rights • Voter Education Project (VEP) • Civil Rights organization that helped register African Americans for voting • Twenty-fourth Amendment (1964) • Cannot be denied the right to vote.

  20. Standard 92 Gaining Voting Rights • Tent Cities of Haywood and Fayette (1960) • Large encampment of African-Americans in Tennessee evicted from their homes for registering to vote. • Highlander Folk School • Located in Tennessee, trained emerging social movement leaders, such as Rosa Parks.

  21. Standard 94 Gaining Voting Rights • Freedom Summer (1964) • 1964 volunteer campaign by SNCC to register African Americans to vote. • Philadelphia, Mississippi site of violence and first conviction of killing civil rights leaders.

  22. Standard 90 Political Organization • Fannie Lou Hamer founder of Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (1964) known for voting activism.

  23. Standard 92, 94 Voting Rights Act • Selma, Alabama (Jan. 1965) • 54-miles march to the capital, Montgomery to protest the right to vote. • Days of televised violence but would lead to the Voting Rights Act. • Voting Rights Act of 1965 • Prohibits racial discrimination in voting.

  24. Chapter 28/Section 4 Changes and Challenges

  25. Standard 94 Expanding the Movement • De Jure Segregation • Segregation by law • De Facto Segregation • Segregation by custom • Kerner Commission • Investigate causes of urban rioting

  26. Standard 90 Fractures in the Movement • Stokely Carmichael • Civil Rights activists known for Black Power and Pan-Africanism. • Black Panther Party (1966) • Political organization to arm African Americans against police and for liberation. Black Panthers

  27. Standard 90 Fractures in the Movement • Malcom X • Muslim Civil Rights activists who encouraged violence. • Ballot or the Bullet (1964)- speech by Malcom X encouraging African Americans to vote, but if denied, take up arms.

  28. Standard 90, 91 Assassination of MLK • March 1968 • James Earl Ray responsible for killing Martin Luther King Jr. in Memphis, Tennessee. MLK: 12

  29. Chapter 28/Section 5 Movement Continues

  30. Standard 90, 92 Change in Goals • Ralph Abernathy- Civil Rights leader who took over MLK Jr.’s position and led the Poor People’s Campaign in D.C. Campaign

  31. Standard 90, 94 Changes and Gains • J. Edgar Hoover- Director of FBI who investigated Civil Rights organizations. • Strom Thurmond- biggest critic against Civil Rights legislation. • Civil Rights Act of 1968- Fair Housing Act provides equal housing opportunities.

  32. Changes and Gains Marshall • Thurgood Marshall • Andrew Young • Jesse Jackson Jackson Young

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