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Ch 30: Kennedy and the Cold War

What did Kennedy face: Spread of communism Threat of nuclear war The Candidates: Democrat John F. Kennedy Republican Richard M. Nixon. Ch 30: Kennedy and the Cold War. The Candidates. 1960 election-highlighted growing power of television Agreed to 4 debates

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Ch 30: Kennedy and the Cold War

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  1. What did Kennedy face: Spread of communism Threat of nuclear war The Candidates: Democrat John F. Kennedy Republican Richard M. Nixon Ch 30:Kennedy and the Cold War

  2. The Candidates

  3. 1960 election-highlighted growing power of television Agreed to 4 debates Debate boiled down to how the candidates looked and spoke, rather than what they said Kennedy’s “Victory” proved crucial to the election Televised Debates make the difference

  4. First goal: build up the nation’s armed forces Flexible response: defense policy, one that prepared the US for any type of conflict Creating good will among nations Peace Corps, 1961-”missions of freedom” Alliance for Progress-resurrect Good Neighbor policy toward Latin America-not successful Kennedy launches New Cold War Strategies

  5. Limiting Nuclear Weapons • Reducing the threat • Disarmament talks • 1969-Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) • Examples of limits • Anti-ballistic missiles • Reagan launched “Star Wars” missile defense against nuclear attack • Era of détente-relaxation of tensions (during the 1970s) • Ended in 1979-when the Soviets invaded Afghanistan • 1968-signing of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

  6. ALLIES Building alliances & bases NATO 1955-Southeast-Asia Treaty Org (SEATO) US, Britain, France, Australia, Pakistan, Thailand, New Zealand & the Philippines Central Treaty Org (CENTO) Britain, Turkey, Iran, and Pakistan SOVIETS Warsaw Pact Formed alliances with government in Africa and Asia Communist China (1949-1960) Alliances were known as the Soviet bloc DIFFERENCES: Americans established army, navy & air force bases around the globe The Cold War goes Global

  7. 90 miles off the coast of Florida 1950s-Fidel Castro Organized an armed rebellion By 1959-Castro had led his guerrilla army to victory Known as the Cuban Revolution Supported by the Soviet Union Nationalized businesses Most land now under government control Severely limited Cubans’ political freedoms Cuba goes Communist

  8. 1961-JFK supported an invasion by US trained Cuban exiles Invaders came ashore in the “bay of pigs” Castro’s forces captured the invaders US response: placed a trade embargo on Cuba that still remains in effect Bay of Pigs

  9. 1962-Soviets sent missiles to Cuba JFK’s response: Imposed a naval blockade that prevented further Soviet shipments For a few days the world faced a risk of nuclear war Finally Khrushchev agreed to remove the Soviet missiles and war was averted Cuban Missile Crisis

  10. Assessment • How did Kennedy respond to the continuing challenges of the Cold War? • Television played an important role in the 1960 presidential election. How influential is television in presidential elections today? • How did the Cuban missile crisis affect public opinion about President Kennedy?

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