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Understanding One-Dimensional Kinematics: Position, Distance, Displacement, and Acceleration

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raoul
22 diapositives · 415 Views · Jul 16, 2014

This resource outlines critical concepts in one-dimensional kinematics, including position, distance, displacement, average speed/velocity, and acceleration. It explains the importance of establishing a coordinate system for describing motion, differentiates between distance traveled and displacement, and introduces mathematical relationships for average speed and acceleration. This guide serves as a foundational overview for students preparing for assessments in this area of physics, with exercises and conceptual checkpoints to enhance learning.

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  1. One-Dimensional Kinematics Position, Distance, Displacement Average Speed/Velocity Acceleration

  2. Online Tools/Announcements • http:/aw-bc.com/walker/ • Online homework coming soon • QUIZ over Chapter 2 one week from Thursday ( 9/6 ) • “Chapter Summary” may be useful for each chapter

  3. 2-1 Position, Distance, and Displacement Before describing motion, you must set up a coordinate system – define an origin and a positive direction.

  4. 2-1 Position, Distance, and Displacement The distance is the total length of travel ( m ); if you drive from your house to the grocery store and back, you have covered a distance of 8.6 mi.

  5. 2-1 Position, Distance, and Displacement Displacement is the change in position. If you drive from your house to the grocery store and then to your friend’s house, your displacement is 2.1 mi and the distance you have traveled is 10.7 mi.

  6. 2-2 Average Speed and Velocity The average speed is defined as the distance traveled divided by the time the trip took: Average speed = distance / elapsed time

  7. 2-2 Average Speed and Velocity Average velocity = displacement / elapsed time If you return to your starting point, your average velocity is zero.

  8. Conceptual Checkpoint 2-1

  9. Conceptual Checkpoint 2-1

  10. 2-2 Average Speed and Velocity Graphical Interpretation of Average Velocity The same motion, plotted one-dimensionally and as an x-t graph:

  11. 2-4 Acceleration Average acceleration: (2-5)

  12. 2-4 Acceleration Graphical Interpretation of Average and Instantaneous Acceleration:

  13. 2-4 Acceleration Acceleration (increasing speed) and deceleration (decreasing speed) should not be confused with the directions of velocity and acceleration:

  14. THURSDAY!! • Go to lab stations as soon as you get to class

  15. HOMEWORK ( show work )!! • EVERYONE: • Pg 48 ( #s 4,10 ) Pg 49 ( # 14 ) Pg 50 ( # 32 ) • AP: • Pg 48 ( # 6 ) Pg 49 ( # 23 )

  16. 2-5 Motion with Constant Acceleration If the acceleration is constant, the velocity changes linearly: (2-7) Average velocity:

  17. 2-5 Motion with Constant Acceleration Average velocity: (2-9) Position as a function of time: (2-10) (2-11) Velocity as a function of position: (2-12)

  18. 2-5 Motion with Constant Acceleration The relationship between position and time follows a characteristic curve.

  19. 2-6 Applications of the Equations of Motion Hit the Brakes!

  20. 2-7 Freely Falling Objects Free fall is the motion of an object subject only to the influence of gravity. The acceleration due to gravity is a constant, g.

  21. 2-7 Freely Falling Objects An object falling in air is subject to air resistance (and therefore is not freely falling).

  22. HOMEWORK!! • Pg. 50 ( #44 ) • Pg. 51 ( # 49 )