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Chapter 2 One-Dimensional Kinematics

Chapter 2 One-Dimensional Kinematics. Dr. Haykel Abdelhamid Elabidi Website : uqu.edu.sa/staff/ ar /4331237 Email: haelabidi@uqu.edu.sa Mobile: 0564518933. 4 th week of September 2013/DhQ 1434. Units of Chapter 2. Position, distance and displacement Average speed and velocity

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Chapter 2 One-Dimensional Kinematics

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  1. Chapter 2One-Dimensional Kinematics Dr. Haykel Abdelhamid Elabidi Website: uqu.edu.sa/staff/ar/4331237 Email: haelabidi@uqu.edu.sa Mobile: 0564518933 4th week of September 2013/DhQ 1434

  2. Units of Chapter 2 • Position, distance and displacement • Average speed and velocity • Instantaneous velocity • Average and instantaneous acceleration • Motion with constant acceleration • Application of the equation of motion • Freely falling objects

  3. Position, distance, and displacement • Kinematics is a part of mechanics that studies the motion of an object without considering the forces acting on it. Before describing motion, you must set up a coordinate system: define an origin and a positive direction.

  4. Position, distance, and displacement The distance is the total length of travel; if you go from your house to the groceries or from the groceries to your house, you cover the same distance of 4.3 mi. Distance is always positive (it is a scalar). house friend’s house

  5. Average speed and velocity Description of motion needs to consider how rapidly an object moves. This canbedone by introducing the average speed ([L]/[T]): The averagevelocitytell us not only how fast an objectismoving, it tells us the directionthe objectismoving.

  6. Instantaneous velocity calculate the averagevelocityevery 10 mn isbetterthanevery 20 mn, every 2 mn isbetterthanevery 10 mn and so one. It isdesirable to know the velocityateach instant of time. The speedometer of your car indicates the instantaneous speed and not the instantaneousvelocity. itcan not give information about the direction of motion.

  7. Average and instantaneous acceleration The average acceleration is the change in velocity divided by the change in time: • Velocity and acceleration of an object have the samesign the objectaccelerates • Velocity and acceleration of an object have oppositsigns the objectdecelerates

  8. Average and instantaneous acceleration Exercise 2-1 p27 (modified): a) A car goesfrom 0 to 60.0 mi/h in 6.2 s. Whatis the averageacceleration of this car in m/s2? b) An airplane has an averageacceleration of 5.6 m/s2duringtakeoff. How long doesittake for the plane to reach a speed of 65 m/s? (1 mi=1609 m)

  9. Motion with constant acceleration Goal: Give the different equations for motion with constant acceleration and apply them.

  10. Motion with constant acceleration Example 2-5 p32 (modified): A boat moves slowlywith a constant speed of 1.50 m/s. After, itacceleratesat 2.40 m/s2. a) How fastis the boat movingafteraccelerating for 5.00 s? b) How far has the boat traveled in this time? c) Atwhat time is the boat’s speed equal 10.0 m/s?

  11. Motion with constant acceleration Example 2-6 p34: A drag racer startsfromrest and acceleratesat7.40 m/s2. How far has ittravaled in 2.00 s? Seealso the Example 2-8 page 36

  12. Freely falling objects Free fall is the motion of an object subject only to the influence of gravity positive direction positive direction

  13. Freely falling objects • Example 2.10 p40: • A personsteps off the end of a 3.00-m-high divingboard and drops to the water below. • How long doesittake for the person to reach the water? • What the person’s speed on entering the water? • Solution: (a) t=0,782 s, (b) v=7,67 m/s (fromeq 2-7 or 2-12)

  14. Freely falling objects

  15. Thank you for your attention See you next time Inchallah Homework:

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