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Reform Movements in the 1800s: Factory Conditions and Child Labor

Reform Movements in the 1800s: Factory Conditions and Child Labor. Mrs. Gorton 7th Grade Social Studies May 2014. KEY TERMS. Reform (vb.): to change Reform Movement (n): a collective effort to improve a particular condition in society

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Reform Movements in the 1800s: Factory Conditions and Child Labor

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  1. Reform Movements in the 1800s: Factory Conditions and Child Labor Mrs. Gorton 7th Grade Social Studies May 2014

  2. KEY TERMS • Reform (vb.): to change • Reform Movement (n): a collective effort to improve a particular condition in society • Union (n): an organized group of people who work together to negotiate better working conditions

  3. Working Conditions in the 1800s and 1900s • Mostly women & children • Paid less than $1/week • Extreme heat or cold • Dark, poorly ventilated, crowded rooms • Disease & injury common • Long hours • Bosses didn’t know workers on a first-name basis

  4. Formation and Growth of Unions • 1869: Knights of Labor formed; used rallies & meetings, rather than strikes • 1886: American Federation of Labor (AFL) formed; used collective bargaining • Many unions successful in reducing work hours & increasing wages • Few spoke out specifically against child labor

  5. Mother Jones • Spoke out on behalf of the poor, including women & children • Paraded around with children holding signs: “We Want to Go to School and Not to the Mines.” • Involved children & women in strikes against poor working conditions in mines

  6. Lewis Hine • Disguised himself and took photos of children working in dangerous jobs • Shared photos with the public to expose the horrific conditions in which children worked

  7. Activity Time—Photo Analysis • Fill out the top of the form, including your assigned photo number. • Silently observe your photo. Do not discuss until you are told. • Complete the chart and questions. • Be prepared to share with the class.

  8. Tragedy at Triangle • 1911: Fire broke out in Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in NYC • Young girls were locked inside so they couldn’t leave their jobs • Girls tried to jump out window but died • More people demanded child labor reform

  9. Fair Labor Standards Act • 1934: President F. D. Roosevelt signed a bill that prevented children from under age 14 from working • Limited work hours for children 14+ • Allowed children to go to school and get an education to prepare for future jobs

  10. Child Labor Today • Still exists around the world, even in some parts of the U.S. • Worst in Africa, SE Asia, & S. America • >200 million child laborers, 70% of whom work on farms • Other child labor jobs are in the service industries, factories, and in the army

  11. Effects of Child Labor Today • Cycle of poverty • No education • Long hours & poor working conditions • Harsh punishments • Essentially, it is modern-day slavery

  12. First Hand Look at Child Labor

  13. How do we end it? • YOUR TASK: • You are part of a UN International Labor Union Task Force • Your job is to address child labor around the world and seek to minimize it • List and describe at least 3 actions you will take to address child labor. Focus on efforts to empower children and/or their families AND legal action. • Underneath your list, explain why your plan is the best approach.

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