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Reform Movements

Reform Movements. Objective 2.05. Reform Movements. Social Reforms & Redefining the Ideal of Equality. Temperance. Abolitionism. Education. Asylum & Penal Reform. Women’s Rights. Temperance. Called for moderation of the consumption of alcohol Alcohol caused crime, disorder, and poverty

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Reform Movements

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  1. Reform Movements Objective 2.05

  2. Reform Movements Social Reforms & Redefining the Ideal of Equality Temperance Abolitionism Education Asylum &Penal Reform Women’s Rights

  3. Temperance • Called for moderation of the consumption of alcohol • Alcohol caused crime, disorder, and poverty • West: used to ease loneliness • East: pubs, social activity • Some pushed to prohibit alcohol

  4. Prison Reform • Regardless of crime, inmates were crowded in together • Wanted to provide better environments • Rehabilitation of prisoners also came into play with the introduction of penitentiaries

  5. Education Reform • Push for government-funded schools to be opened for all citizens • Massachusetts was first to pass this • Leadership of Mass. movement was Horace Mann • Calvin Wiley was leader in NC

  6. Treatment of Mentally Handicapped • Reform of mental hospitals • School teacher, Dorothea Dix, was the leader of the reform • Began reform after she taught a Sunday school class in a mental facility and was appalled

  7. “Women have enough influence as mothers and wives that they don’t need to be involved in politics. Because of their influence in the family, they are already powerful – giving them the right to vote is unnecessary.”

  8. “There never will be complete equality until women themselves help to make laws and elect lawmakers . . . The fact is, women are in chains” ~Susan B. Anthony

  9. Women’s Rights Movement • When abolitionists divided over the issue of female participation, women found it easy to identify with the situation of the slaves • 1848: Feminist reform led to Seneca Falls Convention • Significance: launched modern women’s rights movement • Established the arguments and the program for the women’s rights movement for the remainder of the century

  10. What It Would Be Like If Ladies Had Their Own Way!

  11. Women’s Movement • Pushed for women’s voting rights • Seneca Falls Convention (1848): beginning of organized movement • Led by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton

  12. SENECA FALLS • The following is an excerpt from the Seneca Falls Declaration written by Elizabeth Cady Stanton. • Notice that the language and wording is similar to the Declaration of Independence.

  13. SENECA FALLS We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights governments are instituted, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed……

  14. SENECA FALLS • The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world…. • He has made her, if married, in the eye of the law, civilly dead. • He has taken from all right in property, even to the wages she earns.

  15. Leaders Elizabeth Cady Stanton Susan B. Anthony Sojourner Truth Lucy Stone Lucretia Mott

  16. How have things changed? Not changed?

  17. Utopian Communities • Society tended to corrupt human nature • Wanted to separate and form own utopia—an ideal society • Included cooperative living and absence of private property

  18. Mormons • Brigham Young, Smith’s successor, led the Mormons westward in 1846-1847 to Utah where they could live and worship without interference

  19. The 2nd Great Awakening

  20. Brook Farm—became most popular in Mass., est. by George Ripley • Shakers—not successful, didn’t believe in having children

  21. Second Great Awakening • As a result of the Second Great Awakening (a series of revivals in the 1790s-early 1800s), the dominant form of Christianity in America became evangelical Protestantism • Membership in the major Protestant churches—Congregational, Presbyterian, Baptist, and Methodist—soared • By 1840 an estimated half of the adult population was connected to some church, with the Methodists emerging as the largest denomination in both the North and the South

  22. Charles Finney • Charles Finney conducted his own revivals in the mid 1820s and early 1830s • He rejected the Calvinist doctrine of predestination • adopted ideas of free will and salvation to all • Really popularized the new form of revival

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