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Key Reform Movements in 19th Century America: Temperance, Education, and Women's Rights

This overview highlights major reform movements in 19th century America, focusing on temperance, prison reform, education reform, treatment of the mentally handicapped, the women's movement, and utopian communities. Advocates sought moderation in alcohol consumption to combat crime and disorder, improved conditions for prisoners, government-funded schooling for all, better mental health facilities led by Dorothea Dix, women's suffrage initiated at the Seneca Falls Convention, and the establishment of ideal societies such as Brook Farm. Each movement aimed to address social injustices and improve society.

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Key Reform Movements in 19th Century America: Temperance, Education, and Women's Rights

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  1. Reform Movements Objective 2.05

  2. Temperance • Called for moderation of the consumption of alcohol • Alcohol caused crime, disorder, and poverty • West: used to ease loneliness • East: pubs, social activity • Some pushed to prohibit alcohol

  3. Prison Reform • Regardless of crime, inmates were crowded in together • Wanted to provide better environments • Rehabilitation of prisoners also came into play with the introduction of penitentiaries

  4. Education Reform • Push for government-funded schools to be opened for all citizens • Massachusetts was first to pass this • Leadership of Mass. movement was Horace Mann • Calvin Wiley was leader in NC

  5. Treatment of Mentally Handicapped • Reform of mental hospitals • School teacher, Dorothea Dix, was the leader of the reform • Began reform after she taught a Sunday school class in a mental facility and was appalled

  6. Women’s Movement • Pushed for women’s voting rights • Seneca Falls Convention (1848): beginning of organized movement • Led by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton

  7. Utopian Communities • Society tended to corrupt human nature • Wanted to separate and form own utopia—an ideal society • Included cooperative living and absence of private property

  8. Brook Farm—became most popular in Mass., est. by George Ripley • Shakers—not successful, didn’t believe in having children

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