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953-964 Analyze excerpts from speeches about government by Mussolini , Hitler and Stalin. Describe Joseph Stalin’s rise to power as a dictator in the USSR. Analyzing Primary Sources:. Read and briefly summarize the main points of your assigned document.
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953-964 • Analyze excerpts from speeches about • government by Mussolini, Hitler and Stalin. • Describe Joseph Stalin’s rise to power as a • dictator in the USSR.
Analyzing Primary Sources: Read and briefly summarize the main points of your assigned document. • 1. Mussolini – “Philosophy of Fascists” • 2. Hitler – “Munich Speech” • 3. Stalin – “The Need for Progress”* • *(4. Lenin – “Deathbed Warning”)
Authoritarian States • Conservative Authoritarianism • Traditional style governments opposed any and all changes • Preserve their power and status quo using repressive measures • Used obedient bureaucracies, policy forces and the army • Democracy was limited only to their natural allies (landowners, church officials, bureaucrats) • Did NOT seek to control daily lives of their subjects • Example = Russia’s Catherine the Great; Austria’s Metternich • Revival after WWI in Eastern Europe = Austria, Bulgaria, Greece, Baltic Republics AND in Spain, Portugal…
Authoritarian States • Radical Totalitarian Dictatorships • Emerged by the 1930s as “totalitarian” in that the regime controlled ALL institutions, ALL aspects of citizens lives. • Example = Communism in Soviet Union (Stalin) = Nazism in Germany (Hitler) = Fascism in Italy (Mussolini)
Authoritarian States • Characteristics of Radical Totalitarian Dictatorships: • used modern technology • forced full support of all classes, not just the elite • held complete “total” political, social, economic, cultural power • in a state of permanent “revolution” where government always has a new goal to achieve. • departure from liberalism, sought to use violence to maintain control, regardless of individual rights. • Differences existed between forms of RTD’s • Soviet Communism – seized private property, crushed the middle class. • German Fascism (Nazi Party) – anti-socialist, allied with capitalists and landowners.
Fasces: Symbol of Power in Ancient Rome Cincinnatus
Radical Totalitarian Dictatorships MussoliniHitlerStalin
Stalin’s Rise To Power • Chaos of Russian Civil War and Lenin’s • N.E.P. showed a potential problem • with Communism. • 1924 Lenin died, rivalry between Stalin • and Leon Trotsky = Stalin wins by 1928 • and controls the Communist Central • Committee which controlled the state.
“Doctored Photograph”
Stalin’s Soviet Union • Industry: Five Year Plan • Established quota system for • industry to modernize in 1928 • Ended N.E.P. (too capitalistic) • Agriculture: Collectivization • Blamed peasants for earlier • revolution, so forced them onto • “collective” farms – liquidated the • Kulaks. • Success or failure? • Five Year Plans succeeded, • but the Collectives failed.
Stalin’s Soviet Union • Stalin’s impact on society • Standard of living declined • Provided social welfare programs • Women’s rights broadened • Used secret police to conduct • “Purges” to keep total control.
