Eating Disorders In Males

1. Eating Disorders In Males Annie Rubin, Teresa Perry, Amanda Holst, & Lauren Stewart

2. Men and Eating Disorders Male Model Clip https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zIFAoRU1veo

3. Etiology & Psychopathology

4. Etiology • Men and women share similar predispositions for developing eating disorders • Culture and Society • Occupation • Sexual Preference • Media Influence Source: http://teenskepchick.org/2012/11/11/eating-disorders-the-demographic/

5. Etiology • Family • Overweight parents • Sibling with an eating disorder • Sexual and physical abuse as children • Alcoholism or other affective disorders in parents • Personal • Overweight • Impulse Control • Self-esteem Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eiZmduvFnKo

6. Psychopathology • Affective disorders are common among men with eating disorders • Social anxiety • Personality disorders • Substance abuse • Alcohol • Cocaine http://180degreehealth.com/tag/male-eating-disorders/ http://malebodypositive.wordpress.com/2012/11/09/eating-disorders-dont-know-gender-part-ii/

7. Pathophysiology

8. Pathophysiology • High level of body dissatisfaction due to: • Internalization of media images • Social anxiety • Poor impulse control • Fear of negative evaluation by others maintains disordered eating behavior Source: http://jbfcs.blogspot.com/2013/08/males-have-eating-disorders.html

9. Diagnosis Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; DSM-5

10. Diagnosis • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) • Includes the criteria used to diagnose eating disorders in both men and women • Updated in 2013 to represent symptoms and behaviors of patients more accurately

11. Diagnosis Anorexia Nervosa • Body weight less than 85% of expected • Intense fear of weight gain • Distorted self perception of weight / denial of seriousness of the low body weight • May or may not include binge-eating or purging behavior

12. Diagnosis Bulimia Nervosa • Recurrent episodes of binge eating • Recurrent and inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain • Episodes and behaviors occur at least once a week for 3 months • Self evaluation heavily influenced by weight and shape

13. Diagnosis Binge Eating Disorder • Recurring episodes of eating significantly more food than most people would under similar circumstances • Feelings of guilt, embarrassment, and lack of control • Happens once a week for a period of 3 months

14. Prevention and Early Intervention Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; DSM-5

15. Prevention and Early Intervention • Be informed about eating disorders and warning signs i.e. inadequate food intake, irrational fear of becoming “fat” • Do not equate a males weight or size to self worth • Validate and encourage • Father figure

16. Treatment and Intervention • Psychotherapy or counseling • Requires multiple professionals • Must address both physical and psychological issues • Different types of therapy

17. Differences in Treatment Due to Gender • Gender-based psychotherapy is often used • Focus on positive aspects and strengths • Two parts - Assessment & Treatment • Treatment focused on concrete, measurable change

18. Recovery Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; DSM-5

19. Recovery • Complex • Each case is different • Need family support • Triggers can lead to relapse • Holidays • Emotional • Situations

20. Relapse • Relapse rates are high • It’s important to have encouragement during mealtime • Regular visits to a cognitive psychologist is important

21. Signs Of Relapse • Thoughts keep going to food, dieting and weight • Feelings of losing control • Hiding information from professionals • Isolation

22. Questions 1. Discuss the impact that family can have on males developing an eating disorder. 2. In what ways does the DSM-5 help to better diagnose a male eating disorder? (In comparison to DSM-4) 3. What are some ways to help to prevent eating disorders in males? 4.What are the signs of relapse with a male eating disorder?

23. References • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Feeding and eating disorders. Retrieved from http://www.dsm5.org/Documents/Eating%20Disorders%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf Carlat, D. J., Camargo, C. A., & Herzog, D. B. (1997). Eating disorders in males: A report on 135 patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 1127-1132. • Center for the Application of Substance Abuse Technologies. (2013). Eating disorder diagnostic criteria from DSM IV-TR. Retrieved from http://casat.unr.edu/docs/eatingdisorders_criteria.pdf Dakanalis, A., Zanetti, A. M., Riva, G., Colmegna, F., Volpato, C., Madeddu, F., & Clerici, M. (2013). Male body dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptomatology: Moderating variables among men. Journal of Health Psychology, 0, 1-11. Langley, J.(2006). Coping with male eatingdisorders in the family. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. NEDA. Signs, Lapses and Relapses (2014).. Retrieved from http://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/slips-sapses-and-relapses Olivardia, R., Pope, H. G., Mangweth, B., & Hudson, J. I. (1995). Eating disorders in college men. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 1279-1285. Striegel-Moore, R. H., Garvin, V., Dohm, F. A., & Rosenheck, R. A. (1998). Eating disorders in a national sample of hospitalized female and male veterans: Detection rates and psychiatric comorbidity. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 25, 405-411.

24. Thank you