1. Nonmetals • Opposite properties of metals • Not shiny • Poor conductors • Mostly gases (at room temperature) • Solids are brittle Sulfur

2. Reactivity of Nonmetals Low Low High Nonmetals will usually gain or share electrons when they react with other elements

3. Carbon Family • Group 14 • Can gain, lose, or share 4 electrons when reacting with other elements. • Carbon is the only nonmetal • All living things have carbon atoms • Other examples: coal, gasoline, diamonds  Carbon

4. Nitrogen Family • Group 15 • Only 2 nonmetals – nitrogen and phosphorus • 80% of the atmosphere (air) is nitrogen • Always found in groups of two • Diatomic molecule Pure nitrogen in a glass vile 

5. Oxygen Family • Group 16 • Gain or share 2 electrons when reacting with other elements • Oxygen can be a diatomic (air) or triatomic molecule (ozone) • Sulfur – used to make rubber, tires, and sulfuric acid Pure sulfur 

6. Halogen Family • Group 17 • “Halogen” means “salt forming” • Very reactive and dangerous in pure form • Gain or share 1 electron when reacting with other elements • Examples: Carbon and flourine make nonstick coating on pans Flourine is put in water to prevent toothdecay Pure iodine evaporating to a purple gas 

7. Noble Gases • Group 18 • Unreactive, do not lose, gain, or share electrons • Found in the atmosphere • Example: Helium, neon lights Neon in its pure form 

8. Hydrogen – No Family • Doesn’t belong to any family • Properties differ from other elements • Makes up 90% of the atoms in the universe • Makes up only 1% of Earth’s crust • Hard to find in its pure form on Earth Orion Nebula – 80% Hydrogen 

9. Metalloids • Inbetween metals and nonmetals • Solids (at room temp) • Brittle and hard • Semiconductors – can conduct electricity under some conditions but not others. • Very important for computer chips • Example: • Silicon – found in sand and glass Pure silicon

10. Assignment • At-Home Activity on p. 135 - Read the directions and clues on p. 135 carefully. • Write down five examples you find and describe the properties of halogens also in a few sentences. 5 Examples of Halogens • Toothpaste – Flouride Properties of Halogens Halogens have several properties….