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Week 8

Week 8 . Chapter 14. Key Concepts March 3. i -stems Ablative of means Uses of the ablative . What do they do?? M and F i -stems. Civis cives Civis civ ium Civī civibus Civem cives Cive civibus. What do they do?? Neuter I-stems. N: Mare N: Mar i a G: Maris G: Mar ium

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Week 8

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  1. Week 8 Chapter 14

  2. Key Concepts March 3 • i-stems • Ablative of means • Uses of the ablative

  3. What do they do??M and F i-stems • Civiscives • Civiscivium • Civīcivibus • Civemcives • Civecivibus

  4. What do they do??Neuter I-stems N: Mare N: Maria G: Maris G: Marium D: Marī D: Maribus AC: Maris AC: Maria AB:Marī AB: Maribus *Always follow neuter rule in ALL declensions

  5. Introducing…. • Is that an i-stem?

  6. Civis, civis-m. OR f. ? Yes, it is an i-stem! Rule 1: “If M or F 3rd declension noun ending in S/X has the same # of SYLLABLES in the NOM and GEN. Sing then IT IS AN I-STEM

  7. Ars, artis—F. ? • Yes, it IS an i-stem! • Rule 2: If the M or F 3rd. stem ends in 2 consonants then IT IS AN I-STEM

  8. Animal, animalis—n ? • Yes, it IS a NEUTERi-stem • Rule 3: A neuter 3rd declension noun whose nominative ends in E, AL, or AR

  9. Turba, turbaeF ? • NO. That is a FIRST declension noun. i-stems ONLY exist in 3rd. decelension

  10. Ius, iuris- N. ? • NO. • It does not end in- e, -al, or -ar

  11. Mors, mortis-F? • Yes, it IS an i-stem! • Rule 2: If the M or F 3rd. stem ends in 2 consonants then IT IS AN I-STEM

  12. Mare, maris—n? • Yes! It is a neuter i-stem. • Rule 3: A neuter 3rd declension noun whose nominative ends in E, AL, or AR

  13. os, oris—n? • No.

  14. Auris, auris f? Yes, it is an i-stem! Rule 1: “If M or F 3rd declension noun ending in S/X has the same # of SYLLABLES in the NOM and GEN. Sing then IT IS AN I-STEM

  15. I-stem Rules in sum: • Rule 1: “If M or F 3rd declension noun ending in S/X has the same # of SYLLABLES in the NOM and GEN. Sing • Rule 2: If the M or F 3rd. stem ends in 2 consonants • Rule 3: A neuter 3rd declension noun whose nominative ends in E, AL, or AR

  16. IRREGULAR • Vīs, Vīs f. (power) is annoying N: Vīs N: Vīres G: (Vīs) G: Vīrium D: (Vī) D: Vīribus AC: vim AC: Vīres AB: vī AB: Vīribus * What forms are you likely to confuse this with?

  17. What ablatives have we seen? • Abl. Accompaniment • Abl. Manner • Abl. Place where • Abl. Place from which (ex; ab) • Abl. With other prepositions • Abl. Of means

  18. Abl. Of Means • Seneca killed himself with razors. • Review: What word would we use for himself? • How on earth do we talk about things that help us perform our verb?

  19. Abl. Of Means/Instrument! • Use Abl. To show by what means/instrument an action is performed • To Form: Abl. + NO preposition • Translate: “by means of” or “with”

  20. Don’t confuse with Abl. Accompaniment • Cum +abl. for people and pets • Abl. on it’s own for tools, instruments, mechanisms, methods, stuff, etc.

  21. Exempla Appello, are, avi, atum- to speak to; address • Appellavit* ore turbam.

  22. Exempla *Teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentum-to hold • Eīurbemvītenuerant.*

  23. Ablative +AB • Away from • ABL. Of place FROM which

  24. Exempla • Cives *aburbē mare navigabant. *from/away from+abl.

  25. exempla • Vis auriumestbona, seddicimus ore.

  26. Exempla • CivesRomae* vitiavitant* cum honore. • *Roma, Romae- f.-Rome • *vito, are, avi, atum-avoid

  27. Exempla • Noscurrimus trans mala et bona vī et vitae et mortis. *curro, currere, cucurri, Cursum-to run *trans-through +acc.

  28. exempla • Catullus stilō* dixit: “vivam cum Lesbiā.” • *pen

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