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The Urinary System

The urinary system plays a vital role in the human body by filtering blood, removing nitrogenous wastes, and maintaining electrolyte, acid-base, and fluid balance. The kidneys, acting as homeostatic organs, filter around 180 liters of blood daily, reabsorbing 178-179 liters back into circulation. Composed of nephrons, collecting ducts, and structures such as the renal cortex and medulla, the system also releases hormones like calcitriol and erythropoietin. Understanding urinary function helps in recognizing the impact of diet and health on urine composition.

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The Urinary System

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  1. The Urinary System

  2. Function • Remove nitrogenous wastes • Maintain electrolyte, acid-base, and fluid balance of blood • Homeostatic organ • Acts as blood filter • Release hormones: calcitriol & erythropoietin

  3. Kidneys as Filters • Kidneys filter 180 liters (50 gal) of blood/day • 178-179 liters are reabsorbed back into blood • Excrete a protein free filtrate

  4. Nitrogenous Wastes urea uric acid ammonia

  5. kidneys ureters urinary bladder urethra Organs of the Urinary System

  6. renal pyramids renal pelvis renal cortex renal capsule ureter renal medulla Kidney Anatomy

  7. blood filtration tubular reabsorption and secretion Nephron Functioning “refreshed” blood urine

  8. Each kidney contains over 1 million nephrons and thousands of collecting ducts renal cortex renal medulla DCT Glomerulus PCT Collecting duct Loop of Henle

  9. efferent arteriole afferent arteriole Bowman’s capsule glomerulus Glomerular Filtration Filters blood; proteins can’t pass through

  10. Composition of Glomerular Filtrate • Water • Small Soluble Organic Molecules • Mineral Ions • color- affected by what we eat: salty foods, vitamins

  11. Odor- normal is ammonia-like diabetes mellitus- smells fruity or acetone like due to elevated ketone levels diabetes insupidus- yucky asparagus--- vegetarian diet- urine is alkaline protein rich and wheat diet- urine is acidic

  12. ureters internal sphincters external sphincters urethra Urinary Bladder

  13. Thank you . S.Karunakar Reddy,PGT Biology, A.P.R.SCHOOL(BC)GIRLS, KLKY.

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