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The Passive Voice

The Passive Voice. Preliminary considerations Uses Tense formation Tense forms The use of - by Direct and Indirect objects . The Passive Voice. Preliminary considerations Uses Tense formation Tense forms The use of - by Direct and Indirect objects . Preliminary considerations.

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The Passive Voice

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  1. The Passive Voice Preliminary considerations Uses Tense formation Tense forms The use of -by Direct and Indirect objects.

  2. The Passive Voice Preliminary considerations Uses Tense formation Tense forms The use of -by Direct and Indirect objects.

  3. Preliminary considerations • Only transitive verbs (those which may take an object) can be used in the passive voice. • In English the passive voice is much more used than in Spanish. • Spanish uses a kind of “passive” with “se” while English uses a normal passive voice. • When the subject is unknown, English – unlike Spanish – uses the passive voice. • When an active verb may take a direct and an indirect object, English uses a passive which is never heard in Spanish. Menu

  4. Uses of the Passive in English • When the action is more important than the agent. • When the agent is obvious, unknown, or simply not important. • When we don’t want to mention who did the action. Menu

  5. When the action is more important than the agent, so that it looks more impersonal.

  6. The room must be cleaned. • The tickects were sold. • Sugar is added after the water has been boiled. • The bridge waseventually built.

  7. When the agent is obvious, unknown or simply not important

  8. My house has been painted.(obviously by a painter) • My purse was stolen. (I don’t know who did it) • The letters were typed. (No matter who did it, what matters is that they finally were typed)

  9. When, for some reason, we don’t want to mention who did the action; like, for example, to avoid pointing out who is responsible for it.

  10. The boys were punished. (for some reason, what is important is the action, not who punished them) • Our tickets were lost. (like this I avoid saying who lost them) • New ideas have been presented with great success.(By using the passive, the speaker avoids mentioning the author, mainly if it is the speaker himself)

  11. 1) Simple Tense (Simple Past) wrote Shakespeare Hamlet The main verb always in the Past Participle Aux. Be in the same tense was written Shakespeare Hamlet by (Simple Past)

  12. 2) Perfect Tense (Present Perfect) has invested The Council a lot of money The main verb always in the Past Participle Aux. Be in the same tense has been invested by the Council A lot of money (Present Perfect)

  13. 3) With a Modal Auxiliary Modal (Perfect Infinitive) shouldhave done the homework I Aux. Be in the same tense The homework should have been done (by me) (Perfect Infinitive) Modals remain invariable The main verb always in the Past Participle Menu

  14. Examples

  15. She keeps her room tidy. • Her room is kept tidy. He is keeping the change in his pocket • The change is being kept in his pocket. She kept her money in the wallet. • The money was kept in the wallet. When the thief came in she was keeping the money in her wallet. • When the thief came in the money was being kept in her wallet.

  16. He has kept all his money in a big hole. • All his money has been kept in a big hole. By the time the thieves arrived he had already kept all his money safely. • By the time the thieves arrived all his money had already been kept safely. She has promised her mother she will keep her room tidy at all times. • She has promised her mother her room will be kept tidy at all times.

  17. He promised her he would keep her savings untouched. • He promised her her savings would be kept untouched. He said he would have kept her savings untouched if he hadn’t been going to the casino. • He said her savings would have been kept untouched if he hadn’t been going to the casino.

  18. She now says she can keep her money herself. • She now says her money can be kept by herself. If she had known that, she could have kept it. • If she had known that, it could have been kept. ___________________________________ • Most film stars hate being interviewed. • He didn’t like having been told about what to do. Menu

  19. THE USE OF by a)When the person who does the action, the agent, is important. For example: an inventor, a writer, an artist, etc… Shakespeare wrote these poems. These poems were writtenby Shakespeare. b) To introduce new information that had been omitted previously. While we were studying, we were botheredby several students c) To talk about a plan or method. These exercises can be improvedby adding more information. Menu

  20. Direct & Indirect objects • Some verbs, likegive, lend, offer, send, promise, showare usually followed by two objects, one is a person – indirect – and the other is a thing – direct. • In these cases, the passive in English takes the indirect object as its new subject. • The same pattern follow the verbs: tell, ask.

  21. Direct & Indirect objects • They gave John a warm welcome. Johnwas given a warm welcome. • My parents have promised me a holiday by the beach if I don’t fail any subjects. Ihave been promised a holiday by the ... • They told me not to move or they would kill me. Iwas told not to move or Iwould be killed. • They asked me if I would like to go with them. Iwas asked if I … Menu

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