WORLD GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER 4 NOTES SECTION 1

1. WORLD GEOGRAPHYCHAPTER 4 NOTES SECTION 1 RESOURCES AND LAND USE

2. I. WORLD RESOURCES • **THERE ARE MANY KINDS OF RESOURCES: • ** Capital Resources Money and machines used to produce goods & services • ** Human Resources Humans who perform various tasks and their skill.

3. A. NATURAL RESOURCES -2 types • **These are materials in the natural environment that people give great value to and to satisfy their needs,

4. I) RENEWABLE RESOURCES • RESOURCES THAT ARE CONSTANT OR ARE REGENERATED BY THE EARTH. • EXAMPLES OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES MIGHT BE: • a. SOIL • b. WATER THRU RAIN AND SNOW • c. SUNLIGHT d.WIND • **RENEWABLE RESOURCES CAN BE INTERRUPTED BY MAN . AN EXAMPLE OF THIS MIGHT BE AN OIL SPILL AT SEA.

5. 2) NON RENEWABLE RESOURCES • A RESOURCE THAT CANNOT BE REPLACED WHEN IT IS USED. • FOSSIL FUELS ARE THOSE FORMED FROM THE REMAINS OF ANCIENT PLANTS AND ANIMALS. • EXAMPLES OF NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES MIGHT BE: a. COAL, b. NATURAL GAS c. OIL • **ALSO MOST MINERALS (ALUMINUM, GOLD, IRON, COPPER ETC) • ** MAN CAN LIMIT USE OF NON RENEWABLE RESOURCES THRU PROGRAMS LIKE RECYCLING.

6. II. ENERGY SOURCES • A. FOSSIL FUELS-THE MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY AT THIS TIME. • ** CONTROL OF FOSSIL FUELS WILL DETERMINE IF YOUR COUNTRY HAS THE ABILITY TO GROW IN INDUSTRY. • ** POLITICAL TENSIONS AND WARS WILL RESULT OVER CONTROL OF FOSSIL FUELS. • EXAMPLES OF FOSSIL FUEL MIGHT BE: • a. COAL b.OIL c.NATURAL GAS

7. ENERGY SOURCES • B. NUCLEAR ENERGY • CREATES VAST AMOUNTS OF ELECTRICITY THROUGH NUCLEAR FISSION • **MANY PROBLEMS / CONCERNS ABOUT NUCLEAR ENERGY: • 1) Dangers of leaks and explosions • 2) Toxic or dangerous wastes • 3) Uses up a non renewable source (Uranium) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cnjGYHOePu0

8. C. HYDROELECTRIC POWER • POWER OF RUNNING WATER TO CREATE ELECTRICITY. • ** USE OF WATER, A RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE • ** CREATE HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS. • EXPENSIVE TO BUILD AND CREATE • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEL7yc8R42k

9. D. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY • USE INTERNAL HEAT OF EARTH’S CORE TO CREATE POWER (ELECTRICITY) TO HEAT AND COOL BUILDINGS • ** COMMON IN AREAS WITH VOLCANIC ACTIVITY--ICELAND • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfUQy86ZMpQ

10. E. SOLAR ENERGY • COLLECTING AND STORING SUN’S ENERGY IN CELLS • ** USE OF A RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE • EXPENSIVE TO FIRST CREATE • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IvLljPClS-0

11. III. DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES • A) RESOURCES AND ENERGY SOURCES ARE NOT EQUAL THROUGHOUT THE EARTH. • ** POPULATION CENTERS(BIG CITIES) ARE LOCATED NEAR RESOURCES AND ENERGY SOURCES • .**WHEN YOU DON’T HAVE THE RESOURCES THEN YOU HAVE TO TRADE FOR WHAT YOU NEED.

13. CHAPTER 4 NOTESSECTION 2IV. WORLD ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES • A. PRIMARY ACTIVITIES--ANY ACTIVITY THAT RELIES DIRECTLY ON NATURAL RESOURCES. • EXAMPLES OF PRIMARY ACTIVITIES MIGHT BE:a. FARMING-CONSIDERED THE MOST IMPORTANT!! • b. FISHING • c. MINING d. LUMBER • ** THE EARLIEST PRIMARY ACTIVITY WAS HUNTING AND HERDING.

14. PRIMARY ACTIVITY TODAY • ** SUCCESS OF PRIMARY ACTIVITIES IS BASED ON KNOWING ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENT AND REGION YOU LIVE IN! • ** IN POOR NATIONS OVER 50% FARM, WHILE IN NATIONS LIKE U.S. ONLY ABOUT 10% FARM. • ** POOR NATIONS PRACTICE SUBSISTENT FARMING--GROWING ENOUGH FOR THEIR OWN FAMILY TO SURVIVE. (Called “SURVIVAL FARMING”) • ** WEALTHY NATIONS PRACTICE COMMERCIAL FARMING--PRODUCING ENOUGH PRODUCTS TO SELL FOR PROFIT.

15. SECONDARY ACTIVITIES • USING RAW MATERIALS TO PRODUCE NEW MATERIALS OF A GREATER VALUE (EXAMPLE:TURNING LUMBER INTO FURNITURE) • 1) COTTAGE INDUSTRY- • a)Located near homes • b) Small industries in size, • c)Little technology-- Producing something by hand • 2) COMMERCIAL INDUSTRY Located in Big Cities • a) Large factories • b) Production of manufactured goods (clothing, cars, and appliances)

16. C. TERTIARY ACTIVITIES • SERVICE INDUSTRIES--People perform a job or task • EXAMPLES OF TERTIARY ACTIVITIES MIGHT BE: • a.DOCTORS • b.FIREMEN • c.SALESPEOPLE • D. Car Mechanic • E. Policeman

17. D. QUATERNARY ACTIVITIES • GATHER, PROCESS AND SHARE INFORMATION. • EXAMPLES OF QUARTERNARY ACTIVITIES MIGHT BE: • a.POLITICIAN • b.SCIENTIST • c.TEACHER • D. Lawyers • E. News Anchors

18. V. GLOBAL TRADE PATTERNS • A. IMPORTS AND EXPORTS-DEVELOPS WHEN A NATION HAS A SURPLUS OR SHORTAGE OF PRODUCTS • **EXPORTS--PRODUCTS & GOODS SENT OUT OR TRADED OUT OF THE COUNTRY. • **IMPORTS--PRODUCTS OR GOODS PURCHASED AND BROUGHT INTO THE COUNTRY.

19. GLOBAL TRADE PATTERNS • B. A TRADE BALANCE-A FAVORABLE BALANCE BETWEEN IMPORTS AND EXPORTS. • **COUNTRIES WANT TO HAVE MORE EXPORTS THAN IMPORTS • **TOO MANY IMPORTS HURTS THE ECONOMY. • **TAXES CALLED --TARIFFS CAN LESSEN IMPORTS ( A tariff is a tax on any product imported into the country!)

20. C. TRADE ROUTES • METHODS AND WAYS TO ESTABLISH TRADE • ** DETERMINED BY GEOGRAPHY, TRANSPORTATION, AND RELATIONS WITH A TRADE PARTNER. • **ELECTRONIC TRADING IS BECOMING VERY IMPORTANT

21. VI. LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT • A. ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AND TRADE PATTERNS • **DETERMINES THE LEVEL OF A COUNTRY’S DEVELOPMENT • ** COUNTRIES WITH LITTLE TRADE OR ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ARE CALLED UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES • ** COUNTRIES THAT SHOW ECONOMIC PROGRESS ARE CALLED DEVELOPED OR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

22. LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT • ADVANCED ECONOMIC COUNTRY • A COUNTRY THAT PRACTICES OR USES ADVANCED TOCHNOLOGY. • GLOBAL ECONOMICS • WORLD WIDE INDUSTRY AND TRADE.