1. CNS Brain

2. Brain Regions • Cerebral hemispheres • Diencephalon • Brain stem • Cerebellum

3. Cerebral hemispheres

4. 1. Cerebral Hemispheres • Majority of brain • Called cerebrum • External appearance • Gyri – elevated ridges • Sulcus – shallow grooves • Fissures – deep sulci that separate brain regions

5. Sulcus Gyrus

6. Fissure (deep sulcus)

7. Cerebral lobes are created by fissures

8. 4 Lobes of Brain: • Parietal: interpret touch • Temporal: auditory info • Frontal: memory, judgment, and logic • Occipital: vision

9. Cerebral Gray Matter • Gray matter = Cerebral cortex

10. Cerebral Gray Matter • Consists of cell bodies of neurons • FX: speech, memory, movement, sensation, consciousness

11. Cerebral White Matter • White matter = Neuron fiber tracts (myelinated axons)

12. Cerebral White Matter • Carries impulses to or from the cortex

13. Cerebral White Matter • Corpus callosum = large fiber tract • Connects the hemispheres: L & R Brain

14. 2. Diencephalon • Connects the cerebrum to the brain stem • Thalamus • Epithalamus • Hypothalamus

15. Diencephalon • Thalamus = Relay station for sensory nerves from spinal cord to cerebrum

16. Diencephalon • Epithalamus = Pineal gland (melatonin) • induces sleep

17. Epithalamus

18. Diencephalon • Hypothalamus = Hormone master gland • Connects to Pituitary-> -secretes hormones • Body temp, hunger, thirst, fatigue, sleep

20. 3. Brain Stem • Midbrain = connects Pons to Diencephalon

21. Brain Stem • Pons = important in breathing

22. Brain Stem • Medulla oblongata • Most inferior in stem • Merges with spinal cord • Helps regulate vital organ functions: heart rate, BP, & breathing

24. 4. Cerebellum • Compares the brain’s intentions with its performance • Coordinating center for activity: • Movement • Balance • Coordination