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Ways of Knowing: TOK WOK

Ways of Knowing: TOK WOK. Ways of Knowing. How do we know something? For TOK they divide it down into 4 categories Language Perception Reason Emotion. What is Language?. Consider Language is rule governed Language is intended Language is creative and open ended.

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Ways of Knowing: TOK WOK

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  1. Ways of Knowing: TOKWOK

  2. Ways of Knowing • How do we know something? • For TOK they divide it down into 4 categories • Language • Perception • Reason • Emotion

  3. What is Language? Consider • Language is rule governed • Language is intended • Language is creative and open ended

  4. Language is rule governed • Quan • Koira • Kutta • Madra • Inu • Gae • Hund • Why does Dog mean dog? • Why do we visualize a dog when we say these 3 letters • These are the tribe rules

  5. What is Language? Consider • Language is rule governed • Language is intended • Language is creative and open ended

  6. Language is intended

  7. Language is Intended • You are in class, the teacher is writing on the board, you catch someone's eye and make a yawning gesture by putting you hand to your mouth • You try to look interested when the teacher is talking you but yawn by accident • Which of the above can be described as language

  8. What is Language? Consider • Language is rule governed • Language is intended • Language is creative and open ended

  9. Language is Creative and open-ended • “The wise cow seeks shelter from the snow at dusk” • Make up a wise saying that has never been said before • 3 minutes

  10. Language is Creative and open-ended • Is sign language a language? • 3 minutes • Do animals have language? • 3 minutes

  11. The Montillation of traxoline • It is very important that you learn about traxoline. Traxoline is a new form of Zionter. It is montilled in Ceristanna. The Ceristanna’sgristeriate large amounts of fevon and then bracter it into quaseltraxoline. Traxoline may well be one of most lukizedsnezlaus in the future because of our zionterlescedidge.

  12. Answer these questions • What is traxoline? • Where is it montilled? • How is traxolinequaselled? • Why is it so important to know about traxiline?

  13. The problem of Meaning • We get our a lot of our knowledge in the form of language • Lots of problems here • What is a meaningful word and what is not • 3 main theories

  14. Theories of Meaning • Definition Theory • meaning are to be found in dictionaries • Denotation Theory • meaning found in the world • Image Theory • meaning found in the mind

  15. Meaning of words: Definition theory • Meaning is to be found in a dictionary • How would you describe this • The meaning of a work and its dictionary meaning may be incorrect. • 5 minute exercise from presenter notes here

  16. Meaning of words :Denotation theory • Found in the world • i.e. France • What about abstract words like • Freedom • wisdom

  17. Meaning of words :Image Theory • You have an image in you head when speaking the word it is meaningful • Problem here is that the image in you head may be different to the next person

  18. “crack”

  19. All 3 theories have problems • Therefore the Know How theory • You know the meaning of a word if you know how to use it

  20. Language at war • Arms Sales • Kill • Dead • Dead Soldiers • Bombing • Dropping bombs on a target • Bombed cities • Firing on your own troops • Retreat • Invade • Censorship • Unprovoked • Genocide

  21. Language to influence and persuade • Emotionally laden language • Pro Life V Pro choice • Weasel Words • Grammer • Many Villages were bombed • We bombed many villages • Revealing and concealing

  22. Language to influence and persuade • Terrorist/ freedom fighter • Pro life / pro choice • Genetically modified food/ Frankenstein • Free speech / hate speech • Department of War/ Department of Defense 1947

  23. 3 Weasel Words • Our product can restore up to 25% of lost hair • Probably the best larger in the world • Dentifresh toothpaste helps fight tooth decay • If Timothy works hard he should do himself justice in the final exam • Find the weasel works in the above

  24. 4 Revealing and concealing • I have invited an attractive blonde to the party • I have invited a cellist to the party • I have invited a marathon runner to the party • I have invited a lesbian to the party

  25. Language and Translation • What would be the advantage and disadvantage if everyone in the world spoke a single common language? • What would be gained by this and what would be lost?

  26. Scenario: Sapir-Whorf hypothesis • Linguistic Determination • “Whether language actually allows you to have new thoughts is a very controversial issue.”

  27. Piraha People

  28. Eskimos and words for snow

  29. Linguistic Relativity • The belief that people who speak different languages perceive and think about the world quite differently

  30. 2nd Language • “Who does not know another language does not know his own” • Goethe 1749-1832 • What can you learn about your own language by studying a second language • 10 minutes in groups

  31. Key points for today • A great deal of our knowledge comes through language • Language is • Rule governed • Intended • Creative • Meaning of words is a matter of know how • Weasel Words • Language and translation

  32. WOK • Ways of Knowing • 4 Ways

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