Presentation Transcript

1. World War I

   Libertyville HS
2. Militarism Large standing armies Arms race (ex. battleships) Quick mobilization Alliances “Triple Entente” Great Britain, France, Russia Triple Alliance Germany, Austro Hungary, Ottoman Empire Long Range Causes of WWI
3. Long Range Causes of WWI Imperialism Quest for colonies brought conflict Ex: Berlin Conference / Africa Nationalism Intense love of country Created competition National rivalries developed over territory (Russia vs. Austro Hungary; Germany v. France)
4. Short Term Cause of WWI Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand Heir to Austro-Hungary throne GavriloPrincip (Black Hand) AH: declared war on Serbs Russia declared war on AH Chain reaction of war declarations, due to alliances Map to show beginning of war
5. “The German Right Hook” Germans strike first Schlieffen Plan (1905) Plam to avoid a 2 front war 90% of German army = attack through Belgium 5% hold Russian border 5% defend French border Later changes to plan Driven by Nationalism Weakened R. hook Strengthened defenses
6. Schlieffen Plan, in Action Schlieffen plan failed French mobilized too quickly! Right hook slowed down by British, in Belgium; too weak to finish beyond Paris German defenders of A-L too strong
7. War in Europe – the West Triple Entente = French and British Triple Alliance = Germans Trench Warfare 300 mile long system of defensive ditches dug from Swiss border to North Sea
8. “Over the Top” The Myth The Reality
9. “No Man’s Land”
10. In the East Main combatants Triple Entente = Russia Triple Alliance = Austrians (& Germans) Few trenches; instead, a war of maneuver
11. WWI in SW Asia Main Combatants Triple Entente = Britain and it’s empire (ANZAC) Triple Alliance = Ottoman Empire Allied goal was a “Third Front” to drain German / Austrian troops from other theaters
12. Unsuccessful: Gallipoli Assault on the Dardanelles, by British and ANZAC troops Slaughter, on both sides About 250k casualties on each side (stalemated)
13. Successful: Lawrence of Arabia British officer who welded Arabians into army against Turks Hit and run raids on horses, camels Eventually took most of SW Asia for the British
14. 1917-18: End of WWI In East, Russian Communist Revolution in October 1917 took Russians out of war Freed up 100,000s of German troops for Western Front Russian Soviets made peace w/ Germans in 1918
15. End of WWI, Western Front American Entered war, 1917 Americans entered war just as British, French troops reached breaking point Fresh soldiers, equipment critical to Triple Entente’s success
16. End of WWI, Western Front Germans attempted to win it all at the Somme After initial success, offensive ground to a halt Germans set up for big losses after overextending army
17. Collapse of Central Powers Bulgarians signed armistice (peace treaty) first, in 9/18 Ottomans surrendered 10/30/18 Austrians knocked out on 11/3/18 German state underwent revolution, overthrowing Kaiser, and became republic on 11/9/18
18. Collapse of Central Powers On 11-11-18, at 11 am, Germany signed armistice to end fighting Armistice signed in railroad car in France Peace treaty signed in Versailles in July, 1919
19. Casualties of Triple Entente
20. Treaty of Versailles Required Germany to pay massive war reparations to allies Germany couldn’t pay, so borrowed $ from USA German economy collapsed (hyper inflation) as the DM became worthless Treaty blamed Germans for the war (“War Guilt Clause”)
21. Treaty of Versailles Treaty caused bitter feelings in Germany “Stabbed in the back” theory: no foreign troops on German soil! Nationalist parties came to power in Weimar Republic Example: National Socialist Workers Party, aka Nazis