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Microwave in the LTE/5G Era

Microwave in the LTE/5G Era. Said Jilani. Topics. Evolution of Microwave Transport Networks from capacity and networking perspectives Impact of Traffic Loading on RF link and Network Design Ethernet and IP/MPLS Microwave Transport Network Design Network Migration Options and Considerations

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Microwave in the LTE/5G Era

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  1. Microwave in the LTE/5G Era Said Jilani

  2. Topics • Evolution of Microwave Transport Networks from capacity and networking perspectives • Impact of Traffic Loading on RF link and Network Design • Ethernet and IP/MPLS Microwave Transport Network Design • Network Migration Options and Considerations • Summary and Q&A

  3. Network and Services Evolution • The migration from TDM to packet based networks introducing new challenges regarding capacity planning, efficiency, reliability and cost • New services and applications mandating greater bandwidth • Intelligent sensors for advanced metering, monitoring and control • Business applications and corp. communications (VoIP/Video) • Security monitoring and access control applications (physical/network) • Traffic separation and prioritization is no longer simple: • Most services require Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees QoS Security Capacity Virtualization Reliability

  4. HOW CAN MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGY COPE?

  5. MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGY EVOLUTION 2033 2018 2003 Standard microwavesystem • 36 Mbit/s in 30 MHz channels • Integrated TDM MUX Advanced microwave system • 155 Mbit/s in 30 MHz channels • Integrated ADM Standard microwave system • 100G+ ? • .Advanced compression Advanced microwave system • Advanced MIMO ? • Segment Routing ? • Automation/SDN ? • Expert system/AI? • ….. Standard microwave system • 200 Mbit/s in 30 MHz • Integrated TDM mux and CE switch Advanced microwave system • >500 Mbps in 30MHz, 2.5 GBps@500 MHz • XPIC, High QAM • Link aggregation • Integrated CE switch, CES • IP routing, MPLS services

  6. Relative Cost of Backhaul options (per link) Assumed Capacity Growth: Year 1-2: 50 Mbps Year 3-4: 100 Mbps Year 5-10: 200 Mbps

  7. NEW Options for capacity expansion • Wide Channel Links • Multi-channel Links 30 MHz 10 MHz 30 MHz 30 MHz 60 MHz • Adaptive Coding Modulation (ACM) 16-QAM 64-QAM QPSK

  8. Channels, Capacity, Distances 70-90 GHz 10 Gb/s <1 mile 11 GHz 700 Mb/s <40 miles 6 GHz 540 Mb/s <60 miles 60 GHz 2 Gb/s <1 mile 18/23 GHz 700 Mb/s <4 miles *distance numbers represent rough maximum guidelines and depend on reliability, terrain, and other factors. Each path needs to be considered independently. Capacity numbers based on single channel using maximum channel size in the band

  9. Existing Microwave Link • SYSTEM PROFILE: • 5MHz or 10MHz RF BW • 64QAM MODULATION • STRICTLY TDM • AGING INFRASTRUCTURE AIRLINK CAPACITY – 45Mb/s

  10. Desired Migration and Configuration Technology migration can be disruptive and costly if not planned properly. • REQUIREMENTS: • WIDER CHANNEL LINK • HIGHER MODULATION • CAPACITY > 150Mb/s • IP TRANSPORT WITH MPLS • Minimal Network Disruption • FUTURE PROOF

  11. Upgrade Scenario/PHASE 1 Re-licensed with 30MHz BW AIRLINK CAPACITY ~ 180Mb/s • Considerations: • System Gain • Antenna size • Transmit Power • Legacy and IP traffic support Modulation of 256QAM

  12. Upgrade PHASE 2 Cutover can also be tricky and require some network downtime. With Parallel Radios, the branching can be tricky and add additional losses to path. Second 30MHz BW Channel Re-licensed with 30MHz BW AIRLINK CAPACITY – 360Mb/s • Can be additional 30MHz Channel or modification of existing link to 60MHz. • If additional/second channel then it will require a second set of radios per site. 256QAM

  13. Upgrade PHASE 3 and beyond Second 30MHz BW Channel Re-licensed with 30MHz BW AIRLINK CAPACITY – 450Mb/s • Phase 3 would include higher modulations – 512QAM, 1024QAM, 2048QAM, 4096QAM. • Utilization route diversity (IP/MPLS) to help improve network availability.

  14. Microwave Transport Networks Implement a Subset of the TCP/IP Stack Application Application process-to-process 7. Application 6. Presentation 5. Session Data Transport Transport host-to-host Internet Internet Internet Internet TCP UDP Header Data 4. Transport Link Link Link Link IP Data IP Header 3. Network/IP Electrical/ Optical Electrical/ Optical Microwave Fiber Frame Header Frame Data Frame Footer 2. Data Link 1. Physical

  15. Microwave Transport Networks Evolution TDM/SONET Carrier Ethernet IP/MPLS E-Line OC-3 DS-3 E-LAN DS-1 • Layer 2 Transport - Ethernet Switching • Ethernet Private Line or LAN Services • Port Based or VLAN Based • Layer 3 Transport - IP Routing • Multiple Routing or Switching Domains • (MPLS L2/L3 VPN Services) • Point-to-Point TDM Connections • Multiplexed DS1, DS3 or OC-3 services

  16. Traffic flows on pre-setup Label Switched Paths (LSP) Allows for traffic engineering with path selection, bandwidth reservation and QoS Advanced protection schemes such as Fast Re-Route Enables network virtualizations with L2 VPN and L3 VPN Allows for TDM and IP convergence using pseudowires IP/MPLS based backhaul Core Routers (P) Customer Edge (CE) LSP LSP Provider Edge Routers (PE) MPLS IS A BRIDGE BETWEEN L2 AND L3 ADDING PREDICTABLE‘CIRCUIT SWITCHED’ BEHAVIORFORIP TRAFFIC

  17. MPLS VPNs L2 VPN L3 VPN securelypartitioned multiple switched networks securelypartitioned multiple routed networks multiservice transport using MPLS Pseudowires (PWE3) PSEUDOWIRES Ethernet TDM ATM FR Ethernet TDM ATM FR MPLS COMBINES THE BEST OF L2 AND L3 INTO A SINGLE MULTIPURPOSE, SCALABLE, NETWORK

  18. Layer 2 Based Transport - Preferred Topologies System Layout Layer 2 Topology Attributes Benefits • Single broadcast domain • Can be segregated with (VLANs) • Requires loop prevention in ring or mesh topologies • Lowest transport cost • Minimal provisioning – Layer 2 only • Traffic separation and scalability - using VLANs

  19. Layer 3 Based Transport - Preferred Topologies Layer 3 Topology System Layout Benefits Attributes Separate broadcast domains Dynamic routing and load balancing Advanced VPN Options (L3 and L2) Traffic Engineering and MPLS Protection • Improved utilization of available links • Network sharing/virtualization • Improved network performance, quality and availability

  20. IP over TDM overlay (EoSONET, EoTDM) TDM over IP overlay (TDM PW, MEF8) Hybrid Networks TDM to IP Migration TDM IP Transport Applications Applications

  21. IP over TDM Overlay OC-3 Link ADM ADM 28xDS1 DS-3 Ethernet Considerations Pros • Limited capacity growth • Support of legacy equipment • Extend utilization of legacy radios • Minimum impact on existing TDM services OC-3 Link ADM ADM 28xDS1 Ethernet TDM Ethernet

  22. TDM over IP Overlay OC-3 Link ADM ADM 28xDS1 Ethernet Pros Considerations • Converged transport for TDM & IP services • Common network protection schemes • Performance impact on TDM services • Migration to packet timing Ethernet MPLS Router MPLS Router TDM Ethernet

  23. Hybrid Networks (Overbuild) OC-3 Link ADM ADM 28xDS1 Ethernet Ethernet MPLS Router MPLS Router Pros Considerations • Graceful migration of legacy services • Increased system capacity 28xDS1 • Coordinating additional RF channel • RF branching capabilities Ethernet TDM MPLS Router MPLS Router TDM 28xDS1 Ethernet

  24. Hybrid Networks with Overbuild TDM 30MHz Bandwidth 1 TDM 30MHz Bandwidth 2 Ethernet 30MHz Bandwidth TDM Only Use waveguide branching to run parallel RF links Migrate TDM circuits from legacy radio to New Radio Ethernet TDM 3 Mixed TDM and Ethernet Ethernet Traffic 4 Legacy TDM Radio Decommissioned TDM services migrated to IP (VoIP, etc.) Ethernet TDM Ethernet

  25. Migration Considerations • Network Synchronization: • TDM timing, Packet timing options (Sync-E, PTP1588), NTP • Resiliency and Protection: • Equipment, link and network level • Bandwidth management and Quality of Service: • End to end QoS design including classification, policing, shaping and priority scheduling • Network Security: • Device management, user account mgmt., network access, logging, etc. • OAM and Network Management • Real time status monitoring, performance and capacity trends, network and service level

  26. Microwave offers several options for high capacity links while still being the fastest and economic option Higher modulation options make high capacities more achievable: Wider channels Higher modulation, Higher Power Aggerated channels Summary • New transport network design approaches will help meet network scalability and reliability objectives (Advanced Layer 2, IP/MPLS or a combination) • Migration plan selection is key for: • Graceful migration of existing services • Providing additional capacity for growing IP services

  27. Todd RussSales ManagerSouth-Central Territory(210) 526-6449todd.russ@aviatnet.com Aviat Contact Garry HowardSales EngineerSouth-Central Territory(210) 526-6446garry.howard@aviatnet.com

  28. Terms • MPLS: Multiprotocol Layer Switching • NTP: Network Time Protocol • OC-3: Optical Carrier 3 • PTP: Precision Timing Protocol • PW: Pseudo wire • QAM: Quadrature Amplitude Modulation • RF: Radio Frequency • SONET: Synchronous Optical Networking • Sync-E: Synchronous Ethernet • TDM: Time Division Multiplexing • TCP: Transport Control Protocol • UDP: User Datagram Protocol • VoIP: Voice over IP • VLAN: Virtual Local Area Network • XPIC: Cross-polarization Interference Cancellation • 5G: Fifth generation wireless mobile networks • ADM: Add Drop Multiplexer • BW: Bandwidth • CE: Carrier Ethernet • CES: Circuit Emulation Service • DS-1: Digital Signal Level 1 • DS-3: Digital Signal Level 3 • E-Line: Ethernet Line • E-LAN: Ethernet Local Area Network • EoSONET: Ethernet over SONET • EoTDM: Ethernet over TDM • IP: Internet Protocol • L2 VPN: Layer 2 Virtual Private Network • L3 VPN: Layer 3 Virtual Private Network • LOS: Line of Sight • LTE: Long Term Evolution • MEF: Metro Ethernet Forum

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