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D.K. Lauer

Timing of Site Preparation and Post-Plant Weed Control to Optimize Pine Growth Integration of research results from three region-wide studies. D.K. Lauer. South US Timber Types Percent of 201 Million Acres From: Wear and Greis 2002. Southern Forest Resource Assessment.

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D.K. Lauer

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  1. Timing of Site Preparation and Post-Plant Weed Control to Optimize Pine GrowthIntegration of research results fromthree region-wide studies D.K. Lauer Silvics Analytic

  2. South US Timber TypesPercent of 201 Million AcresFrom: Wear and Greis 2002. Southern Forest Resource Assessment Silvics Analytic

  3. Associated Vegetation Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) range Southeast U.S. • 490 species estimated across just 13 pine plantation study sites (Miller et al. 2003) • 68 species of trees • 33 species/genera of shrubs • 140 genera of herbaceous and others Silvics Analytic

  4. 2 Major Findings Vegetation Control Strategy Silvics Analytic

  5. Early benefits of herb control can be negated by woody vegetation!(from Miller et al. 2003 SJAF) Herb + WoodyControl Herb Control Silvics Analytic

  6. Can double production by eliminating competing vegetation!(from Miller et al. 2003 SJAF) GOAL Silvics Analytic

  7. Operational Strategy • Chemical site prep • Control arborescent woody • Control woody shrubs • Provide initial herbaceous control • Post-plant Herbaceous weed control • Extend herbaceous control Silvics Analytic

  8. 4 Chopper Timing with Bedding 5 LCP HWC after Chopper Site Prep 3 UCP HWC after Chopper Site Prep 2001 and 2002 BASF Study Locations Silvics Analytic

  9. Chopper TimingHistorical Use Guidelines • Chopper + triclopyr targeted for later season: • Perception of enhanced performance • Perception of improved residual control • Timing relative to bedding • Apply at least 4 weeks before • Wait for good re-growth after bedding Silvics Analytic

  10. Chopper Timing - Results New Guidelines Relate to • When bedding is done • When applications are made • Application timing • Season of application Silvics Analytic

  11. Study Series 2001-1Chopper Timing with Bedding4 Locations • 48 oz Chopper + 1 or 2 pints Garlon 4 + 5 qt MSO • No post-plant HWC Silvics Analytic

  12. Chopper Timing with Bedding Series • Mid-season or late-season bedding • Applications before and after bedding After Bed Before Bed Silvics Analytic

  13. Acknowledgements • Study sites and operational bedding provided by: • Boise Cascade • Foley Timber and Land Company • Plum Creek Timber Company • Rayonier Silvics Analytic

  14. Study Sites • Locations • Oakdale, LA (Caddo-P to MW Silt-loam) • Whiteville, NC (Torhunta-VP to P Sandy-loam) • Yulee, FL (Goldhead-P sand w/clay loam subsoil) • Tennille, FL (Leon-P fine sand) • Common Species • Maples, sweetgum, bays, waxmyrtle, herbs • Gallberry, redroot, grasses • Blackberry Silvics Analytic

  15. Mid-Season Bedding Silvics Analytic

  16. Feb 24 May 23 July 25 Nov 6 Mid-season Bed - Application Timeline Silvics Analytic

  17. Chopper Application Timing Mid-season bedding --- Before Bed --- ------- After Bed ------- Silvics Analytic

  18. Yulee LocationAugust 22, 2001- Untreated Plots 11 weeks after June 7 bed 13 weeks before Nov 19 bed Silvics Analytic

  19. Yulee, FLNovember 6, 2001 App 1 day before June 7 bed App just hours after June 7 bed Silvics Analytic

  20. Tennille, FLFebruary 24 Application February 24, 2001 August 21 – 13 weeks after bed Silvics Analytic

  21. Tennille, FLAugust 21, 2001 Untreated Check – May 23 bed App 2 days before May 23 bed Silvics Analytic

  22. Whiteville, NCJune 12 bedding April 17 app June 12 bedding Silvics Analytic

  23. Oakdale, LAJune 24, 2001 June 12 application June 12 application Silvics Analytic

  24. Late-Season Bedding Silvics Analytic

  25. Feb 24 May 21 Sept 27 Nov 19 Late-season Bed - Application Timeline Silvics Analytic

  26. Yulee, FL - Nov 6, 2001 (Nov 19 bedding) June 6 application April 19 application Sept 18 application Nov 6 (frost) application Silvics Analytic

  27. Chopper Application Timing Late-season bedding --------------- Before Bed --------------- Silvics Analytic

  28. Pine Response Mid-Season Bedding Silvics Analytic

  29. Pine Volume Index (year 2)Mid-Season Bed – Sandy Soils 44% increase ------ Bedding ------ Silvics Analytic

  30. Pine Volume Index (year 2)Fine Textured Soils – Mid Season Bed ------ Bedding ------ ---- After Bedding---- Silvics Analytic

  31. Pine Response Late-Season Bedding Silvics Analytic

  32. Pine Volume Index (year 2)Late-Season Bed - Sandy Soils 46% Increase ------ Bedding ------ Silvics Analytic

  33. Pine Volume Index (year 2)Fine Textured Soils – Late Season Bed 25% increase ---- Bedding ---- ------- Before Bed ------ Silvics Analytic

  34. Optimal Chopper TimingMid-Season Bed • June through September at least 3 weeks after bedding • February up to the day before bedding • Wait for target species to leaf out. Silvics Analytic

  35. Optimal Chopper TimingLate-Season Bed • February through July • Wait for target species to leaf out Silvics Analytic

  36. Herbaceous Weed Control Timing After Chopper Site Prep Silvics Analytic

  37. HWC after Chopper Site Prep LCP Studies • Chopper™Site Prep Rate • 32, 48, 64 oz per acre • Site Prep Date • July-August • October-November Silvics Analytic

  38. HWC after Chopper Site Prep LCP • Herbaceous weed control with Arsenal™ AC (4 oz)+ sulfometuron (2oz) • None • 1st March • 1st June • 2nd March • 1st March + 2nd March • 1st June + 2nd March Silvics Analytic

  39. Post-plant herbaceous control following Chopper Site prep • Two timings and three rates of Chopper Site Prep • Different timings of post-plant herbaceous weed control Silvics Analytic

  40. Pine response to HWC after Chopper Site PrepBasic Findings • 1st year HWC more important than 2nd year HWC • 1st year HWC important when there is > 20% cover in June • 1st year HWC is not important when there is less than 10% cover in June Silvics Analytic

  41. Pine response to HWC after Chopper Site PrepBasic Findings (continued) • First Year - March applications were better or similar to June applications • 2nd year HWC increases pine response if weeds are present and controlled Silvics Analytic

  42. Pines Responded to Vegetation Control High Fertility and Tillage were not Substitutes Silvics Analytic

  43. SI25 75 ft (23m)Year 3 Loblolly Pine Volume Index Increasing Level of Vegetation Control Silvics Analytic

  44. Quality Matters • Chopper was a good base for post-plant treatments Silvics Analytic

  45. Green Swamp, NCPine After Three Years June cover = 4% Silvics Analytic

  46. Green Swamp, NCImpact of Year 2 March HWC Silvics Analytic

  47. August 2 2002 Silvics Analytic

  48. End of 3rd growing season Silvics Analytic

  49. Oakdale, LAPine After Three Years June cover = 27% Silvics Analytic

  50. Oakdale, LAImpact of Year 1 March HWC Silvics Analytic

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