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KINGDOM PLANTAE – a review

KINGDOM PLANTAE – a review. Plants need: sunlight water and minerals gas exchange movement of water and minerals. Plants: are Multicellular (more then 1 cell) are Eukaryotic (have a nucleus) have a Cell Wall (made of cellulose, completely permeable)

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KINGDOM PLANTAE – a review

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  1. KINGDOM PLANTAE – a review Plants need: • sunlight • water and minerals • gas exchange • movement of water and minerals Plants: are Multicellular (more then 1 cell) are Eukaryotic (have a nucleus) have a Cell Wall (made of cellulose, completely permeable) are Autotrophs (make their own food through photosynthesis) Plants evolved from: • organisms similar to multicellular green algae • Algae is in the KingdomProtista • Similar reproduction, cell wall, and photosynthesis

  2. 4 Main Groups of Plants Bryophytes Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts Must have water for reproduction Sexual reproduction creates spores No vascular tissue, water travels by osmosis

  3. 4 Main Groups of Plants Seedless Vascular Plants Ferns, Club Mosses, Horsetails Tracheids – specialized cells to transport water Have Vascular Tissue – Xylem and Phloem Have true roots, leaves, stems Sexual reproduction produces spores

  4. 4 Main Groups of Plants Gymnosperms Conifers, Cycads, Ginkgoes Sexual reproduction produces seeds on cones Seeds protect embryo allowing reproduction without water Most conifers are Evergreen – do not loose leaves in winter

  5. 4 Main Groups of Plants Angiosperms Flowering plants, most numerous category of plants Sexual reproduction – flowers contain ovaries that surround and protect seeds, after fertilization ripen and swell into fruit. Monocots or Dicots Woody or Herbaceous Annual, Biennial, or Perennial

  6. Specialized Structures in Plants Roots – taproots and fibrous root Apical Meristem tissue for growth Root hairs and vascular tissue to draw water and minerals from soil and transport to rest of plant Anchor plant in soil • Stems • Produce leaves, branches, and flowers • Hold leaves up to sun • Transport substances between roots and leaves • Some stems adapted for storage (tubers, bulbs, corm, rhizomes)

  7. Specialized Structures in Plants Leaves – Absorb light Photosynthesis (most chlorophyll located in mesophyll tissue) Transpiration (loss of water through stomata) Gas exchange (O2 and CO2 through stomata) Adapted to environment

  8. Transport Movement of water through Xylem tissue Root Pressure Capillary Action Transpiration Movement of nutrients through Phloem tissue Pressure-Flow Hypothesis Source & Sink

  9. Reproduction in Seed Plants

  10. Plant Reponses and Adaptations Adaptations • Aquatic • Water lilies • Salt-tolerant • mangroves • Desert • cactus • Carnivorous • Venus fly trap • Parasites • Mistletoe • Epiphytes • Spanish moss • Chemical Defense • milkweed Responses Phototropism Gravitropism Thigmotropism Photoperiodism Winter Dormancy

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