International Humanitarian Architecture

1. OCHA TEMPEST EXPRESS – 25 June 2014 International Humanitarian Architecture Viviana De Annuntiis OCHA Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific http://www.unocha.org

2. OCHA • Learning Outcomes • OUTLINE THE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY HUMANITARIAN ACTORS KNOW ABOUT OCHA AND ITS FIVE CORE FIUNCTIONS • At the end of the session • participants will…. • DESCRIBE THE CLUSTER SYSTEM AT GLOBAL • AND COUNTRY LEVEL • EXPLAIN THE THREE PILLARS OF THE TRANSFORMATIVE AGENDA

3. OCHA • Overview OCHA AND HUMANITARIAN ACTORS HUMANITARIAN COORDINATION ARCHITECTURE THE TRANSFORMATIVE AGENDA

4. Who We Are OCHA is the part of the United Nations Secretariat responsible for bringing together humanitarian actors to ensure a coherent response to emergencies. Credit: OCHA/Tagaza Djibo

5. Credit: UN Photo/Sophia Paris General Assembly Resolution 46/182 In December 1991, the General Assembly adopted resolution 46/182. It was designed to strengthen the United Nations response to complex emergencies and natural disasters, while improving the overall effectiveness of humanitarian operations in the field.

6. OCHA’s Mission Statement • To mobilize and coordinate effective and principled humanitarian action in partnership with national and international humanitarian actors in order to: • Alleviate human suffering in • disasters and emergencies • Advocate for the rights of • people in need • Promote preparedness and • prevention • Facilitate sustainable • solutions Credit: OCHA/Dan DeLorenzo

7. OCHA’s Global Presence 2014 presence in 50 countries: 24 country offices (COs), 7 regional offices (ROs). 3 liaison offices and 23 Humanitarian Advisory Teams (HATs) OCHA has approximately 2,154staff members in 2014, 75% of whom will be in the field OCHA’s indicative budget for 2014 is US$331.8 million, of which over 70% is spent on services in field locations

8. What We Do –OCHA Video COORDINATION POLICY DEVELOPMENT ADVOCACY INFORMATION MANAGEMENT FINANCING Credit: UNICEF/Shehzad Noorani

9. Coordination • OCHA plays a key role in: • Assessing situations and needs • Agreeing common priorities • Developing common strategies to address issues such as negotiating access, mobilizing funding and other resources • Clarifying consistent public messaging • Monitoring progress Credit: OCHA/Akiko Harayama

10. Key Actors OCHA assists governments in mobilizing international assistance when the scale of the disaster exceeds the national capacity.

11. UN-CMCoordWhat is it? The essential dialogue and interaction between civilian and military actors in humanitarian emergencies necessary to protect and promote humanitarian principles, avoid competition, minimize inconsistency, and when appropriatepursue common goals. Credit: Getty Images

12. OCHA’s policy work promotes normative standards for humanitarian work and addresses a range of challenges and contexts. Policy Credit: IOM

13. OCHA InformationManagement OCHA collect, analyse and share information about the situation among the various organizations involved and ensure the coordination system runs efficiently.

14. Advocacy • OCHA speaks out on behalf of the people worst affected by humanitarian situations. • Public: media interview, public speeches, press briefings, Web stories and social media campaigns. • Private: quiet diplomacy with governments or negotiations with armed groups is also a crucial element in bringing about change, securing access or building support. Credit: OCHA/Alex Bahati

15. Humanitarian Financing • Pooled funds: • Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) • Common Humanitarian Funds (CHFs) • Emergency Response Funds (ERFs) • Appeals: • Consolidated Appeals • Flash Appeals • All funding information is recorded in the • Financial Tracking Service (FTS) database Credit: Timothy Allen

16. OCHA What is the Humanitarian Community?

17. The Humanitarian Community OCHA • A wide group of civilian actors, national or international, UN or non-UN, Governmental or non-governmental who have a commitment to humanitarian principles and are engaged in humanitarian activities.

18. OCHA UN Agencies

19. UN Agencies, Offices & Programmes UN Agencies, Offices and Programs UNHCR OHCHR UN High Commissioner for Refugees UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights UNICEF UN Children’s Fund UNFPA UN Population Fund WFP UN World Food Programme UNDSS UN Dept. of Safety & Security WHO UN World Health Organization OCHA UNDP Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs UN Development Programme (RC/HC heads UNCT) (UNDAC team, CMCoord Officer)

20. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) World Food Programme (WFP) The ‘Big 5’ United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) World Health Organisation (WHO)

21. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) • Mandate • UNHCR’s Statute (1950): • “…to provide, on a non-political and humanitarian basis, international protection to refugees and to seek permanent solutions for them, until the refugee problem is solved.” • [The final clause was added • in 2003 by General Assembly resolution 58/153]

22. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) • UNHCR has a staff of approx. 6,650 people in more than 110 countries assisting 34.4 million uprooted or stateless people. • It leads and coordinates action to safeguard the rights and well-being of refugees, returnees, internally displaced persons (IDP) and stateless persons. • UNHCR works with approx. 687 NGO partners throughout the world. • Global cluster lead for: • Protection • Emergency Shelter (with IFRC) • Camp Management and Coordination (with IOM)

23. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) • Mandate • Created by the UN General Assembly in 1946 to: • “…[A]dvocate for the protection of children's rights, to help • meet their basic needs and to expand their opportunities • to reach their full potential.” • This mandate was extended indefinitely by the General Assembly in 1953. • 7,200 staff in the field in more than 126 countries • Highly decentralized authority given to country offices • Global cluster lead for: • Nutrition • Sanitation, Water and Hygiene • Education (with Save the Children)

24. World Health Organization (WHO) • Mandate • Established in 1948, the foundation for WHO’s work in the area of disaster preparedness and response was laid down in Article 2 of the WHO constitution, which charges the Organization to:“…furnish appropriate technical assistance and, in emergencies, necessary aid upon the request or acceptance of Governments”. • Provides leadership on global health matters, shapes the health research agenda, set norms and standards, provides technical support to countries and monitors and assesses health trends. • WHO employs 8,500 people in 147 countries. • Currently has approx. 80 partnerships with NGOs, foundations and the pharmaceutical industry. • It operates in a decentralised manner: • HQ sets policy, strategy and guidelines • 6 regional offices represent the front line for decision and intervention • Global cluster lead for: Health

25. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) • Mandate • Established in 1965, UNDP is the UN’s global development network, advocating for change and connecting countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people build a better life. • UNDP has presence in 177 countries. • Helps countries build and share solutions to the challenges of: • Democratic Governance • Poverty Reduction • Crisis Prevention and Recovery • Environment and Energy • Gender Empowerment, HIV/AIDS • Supports Resident Coordinator (RC) offices • Global cluster lead for: Early Recovery

26. World Food Programme (WFP) Mandate/Mission Statement Established in 1961 after the 1960 Food and Agriculture Conference. In 1994, WFP was the first UN organisation to adopt a mission statement, which says: “The policies governing the use of WFP food aid must be oriented towards the objective of eradicating hunger and poverty. The ultimate objective of food aid should be the elimination of the need for food aid.” • Delivers approx. 4.6 million metric tonnes of food assistance to 109.2 million people in 75 countries annually • Employs approx. 12,390 people • Role in emergency response: • Food aid • Logistics coordination, services, support and infrastructure to the humanitarian community • Emergency telecommunications coordination, services and equipment (with UNICEF) • Global cluster lead for: Logistics, Emergency Telecommunications, Food Security (with FAO)

27. WFP LOGISTICS

28. Humanitarian Response Depot (UNHRD) The United Nations Humanitarian Response Depot Network (UNHRD) is managed by the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) Depots are located in: Europe (Brindisi / Italy) Africa (Accra / Ghana) Middle East (Dubai / UAE) South East Asia (Subang / Malaysia) Latin America (Panama City / Panama)

29. Shipping More than half of WFP’s food is transported by sea during its journey to final destination, making ocean transportation a crucial link in WFP’s supply chain. WFP has on any given day 30 ships at sea, carrying critical humanitarian assistance for distribution in more than 70 countries – moving cargoes from 60 load ports to 75 discharge ports across five continents..

30. Surface transport On any given day, WFP has approximately 5,000 trucks on the road – making land transport the most common form of WFP’s logistical line.

31. UN Humanitarian Air Service (UNHAS)

32. The Logistics Cluster www.logcluster.org

33. What does the Logistics Cluster do? - Field • Prioritize logistics interventions • Collect/share information • Port & corridor coordination • Transporters & rates • Custom & exemptions • Equipment supplier information • Provision of common logistics services: • Air services through UNHAS; • Transport fleet (trucks, boats) • Warehousing • Cargo tracking (RITA) • Advocacy and resource mobilization for logistics initiatives

34. Logistics Capacity Assessment (LCA) • LCA is a long-standing tool of WFP Logistics. • Since 2008, it has provided important logistics information relevant to Logistics Cluster partners and the Humanitarian Community and is shared as an interagency tool via the Logistics Cluster website.

35. Logistics Cluster – Concept of Operations

36. Logistics Cluster – HAITI Shipping:2 vessels with derrick for containers and/or roll on-roll off capabilities chartered for deliveries to inaccessible coastal areas. Interagency storage: 37 organizations have used interagency storage in PAP Logistics Cluster Coordination 2 cells; Port-au-Prince and Santo Domingo. Coordination meetings: UN organizations, military responders, & + 170 organizations Surface transport: 1,183 trucks dispatched: • 4,664mt of food; • 43,100m³ other relief commodities for 82 different organizations. Truck fleet managed by Handicap International/Atlas Logistique; 82 organizations utilised the common transport service. so far transported >3,000 m3 relief items for 43 humanitarian organizations Customs and border crossing: Facilitation & coordination with authorities Jimaní/ Malpasse border crossing point Negotiation of four month customs taxes exemption for all relief cargo in transit for Haiti arriving in Dominican Republic. Civil Military coordination:Liaison and coordination with the different military actors involved in the relief effort for the use of available military assets (MINUSTAH, US, Canadian, British and French Military amongst others.) Air operations 7,300 passengers from + 250 UN Agencies, NGOs, governments & media. Helicopter; assessment missions to 90 isolated villages & delivery of 650mt (medicines, food, & tents). Staging areas and transit hubs: 2 main staging areas - S Domingo & PaP airport. 7 transit hubs, used by + 20 organizations.

37. IOM is the leading international organization for migration with a programme budget for 2012 exceeding USD 1.3 billion, funding over 2,700 active programmes and more than 7,800 staff members serving in more than 450 field offices in more than a hundred countries.

38. Non-Governmental Organizations • NGOs are not part of: • Any government, • The UN, or • The Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement; • Private humanitarian organizations established by individual charters; • Diverse in size, structure, motive, resources, function & mission; • National or international; secular or faith-based; • Funded by grants or private donations; • Essential to humanitarian operations: • Implementing partners for UN and donor government projects; • One of the first responders to arrive, last to leave; & • Primary “on-the-ground” humanitarian actors.

39. OCHA Red Cross Red CrescentMovement

40. OCHA The Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement comprises nearly 100 million members, volunteers and supporters.

41. RCRC Movement International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies National Societies (189 en 2013) The International Committeeof the Red Cross

42. The core activities of the ICRC are to: visit detainees protect civilians safeguard healthcare build respect for the law

43. The IFRC focuses on three key areas: • disaster response and recovery • development • promoting social inclusion and peace

44. Humanitarian Principles 46/182 Guiding Principles

45. PART II Humanitarian Coordination Architecture

46. OCHA The Emergency Relief Coordinator

47. The Emergency Relief Coordinator (ERC) / Under-Secretary General for Humanitarian Affairs (USG) • The ERC is the Head of OCHA and is mandated by • UN General Assembly Resolution 46/182 to: • Process requests from Member States for emergency assistance • Mobilize and coordinate international emergency relief capacity • Negotiate access to populations in need of assistance • Responsible for early warning, inter-agency needs assessments and keeping the international community informed • Chair the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) • Manage the network of Humanitarian Coordinators (HC) • Promote a smooth transition from relief to recovery in emergency response

48. WFP WB UNICEF IOM UNFPA UNDP ERC OHCHR UNHCR RC/RC WHO NGOs SG Ban Ki-moon USG USG USG USG USG OCHA / DPA / DPKO Valerie Amos IASC / ECHA Under-Secretary-General (USG) for Humanitarian Affairs Emergency Relief Coordinator (ERC)

49. OCHA The Inter Agency Standing Committee

50. The IASC is the primary mechanism for interagency coordination, advocacy and policy development.